一般情况下，电极常形成部分非均匀电场。此时，电极常数必须用标准溶液进行确定。标准溶液一般都使用KCl溶液这是因为KCl的电导率的不同的温度和浓度情况下非常稳定，准确。0.1mol/l的KCl溶液在25℃时电导率为12.88ms/cm。
所谓非均匀电场（也称作杂散场，漏泄场）没有常数，而是与离子的种类和浓度有关。因此，一个纯杂散场电极是最复杂的电极，它通过一次校准不能满足宽的测量范围的需要。

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