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力士乐高频响比例阀M-3SEW6U37/420MG24N9K4是比例阀中动态响应性能最接近伺服阀的一种产品,虽然频率和敏感度比不上伺服阀,但是它无零位死区、高精度、高频响、对油液的清洁度要求比伺服阀低,因此它具有更高的工作可靠性。
采用力士乐高频响比例阀M-3SEW6U37/420MG24N9K4时应同时采用蓄能器或增设缓冲回路以消除液压冲击,因为管路的冲击也影响着高频响比例阀的稳定响应。油路长度是否合理、管路壁厚是否合理、管路是否紧固、直接影响到管路的固有频率,从而影响着比例阀的稳定响应。
一、高频响比例阀M-3SEW6U37/420MG24N9K4工作原理
下面以某钢铁厂炼铁分厂炉顶料流调节阀液压控制系统采用的高频响比例控制为例来说明,基本结构如图1。
这是BOSCHRESROTH公司生产的一种直接作用滑阀式比例阀,驱动是带位置反馈和放大器的电磁铁。工作原理如图2所示,高频响比例电磁铁驱动阀芯,位移由位置传感器反馈,由内置电子线路进行阀芯的闭环控制。经计算机运算处理后执行机构动作的电气信号由放大器放大后,电磁铁线圈中就有电流通过,在电液转换器中将电气信号转换成液压信号,使比例阀主阀芯移动。一个带放大器的系统,比无放大器的系统重复精度要高得多,而精度直接与放大器的增益有关。
由图3可以看出,由实际输出的速度和位置所对应的液压信号转变成电气信号,与计算机所给的指令系统信号进行比较,得出的电气信号转换成液压信号得出油缸的输出,这个输出是个动态响应不断调整的过程。
该调节阀的输入控制信号为标准4~20mA电流,通过调节信号电流的大小控制液流的方向和流量大小。比例阀的中间位为12mA,此时阀的开度为0;12~20mA为正向开度控制(正向0~较大开度),12~4mA为反向开度控制(反向0~较大开度)。接口控制原理图见图4。
其流量输出稳态调节特性无中位死区,它允许的油液污染等级按NAS1638标准为7、8、9级,采用βx=75的过滤器就可以达到要求,它的滞
环≤0.2%,制造公差<10%,响应时间(信号)≤25ms,温漂在ΔT=40℃时,零点位移量<1%。负载腔达80%供油压力,工作频宽和性能已达高水准的伺服阀,而成本只是伺服阀的1/3。
二、故障分析
1、阀门反应速度太慢,动态失效,原因可能是阀太脏,节流孔被堵住,不过较好不要自己拆,应该找厂家配合清洗伺服阀。
2、油路通,却无法静载启动即系统无法平衡可能是密封件失效,更换密封件即可。
3、测试时油缸出现抖动,经过调试程序时发现放大器的增益太高,适当减小放大器的增益不会对系统有影响,不过也不能太低,否则系统可能会不稳定。高频响比例控制阀的调节主要是靠放大器的调节。
4、在调试过程中,遇到油缸速度低并且有时不能驱动的现象时,排除液压系统的故障后,经查找发现是由于伺服放大器的供电线路过长、且供电线路线径过小,使得阀门在工作时供电电流增加引起线路压降增大,从而使得到放大器的驱动电压低于系统要求的规定值使阀门无法被驱动。后更换了放大器的供电电缆(由4×0.75mm2更换为4×2.5mm2的控制电缆)后问题得以解决.
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