CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B
CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B
CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B
CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B CP40B
在现代化的工业生产中,大量采用了可编程序控制系统,可编程序控制器能在恶劣的工作环境下正常工作,但其构成的控制系统由于设计、安装、干扰等因素有时会出现故障。有些问题是在系统设计时考虑不周造成的。根据实践中的经验和教训,本文阐述可编程序控制系统设计时应注意的问题。
1、一个系统中使用的成熟技术至少应占到75%以上 “成熟技术”一是经过一定的生产实践考验的可编程控制器产品或类似设计,或者确定能在未来的生产实践中,经得起考验; 二是设计工作人员对于需要使用的技术要有经验或有掌握它的能力。设计与配置一个可编程序控制系统选用的技术与设计方案切实可行。因为一个生产过程控制系统,一旦做出来,要长久使用下去,难以找到机会反复修改。设计的硬件系统和编程软件,其中某些缺欠,可能一直隐藏在已完成的系统中。若遇到发生破坏作用的条件,后果难以预料。
2、系统的硬件结构和网络要简明而清晰硬件结构不要追求繁琐,网络组态不要追求交叉因素太多,要力求使用可编程序控制器自身配置的组网能力。在组成I/O机箱配套的模板时,建议型号简单,力求一致,模板密度不宜过大。使用的结线点不宜过多,从目前机箱的制造和配线工艺来看,输入与输出配线密度不能太高。
3、控制系统的功能和管理系统的功能应严格划分界限由于可编程序控制器组成的过程控制系统中的实时性要求很高,而网络通信是允许暂时失去通信联系,过后自己能重新恢复,但是在重新恢复之前这一间隔时间可编程序控制器会处于失控。另外,在用多个可编程序控制器系统组成一个大系统时,对于主控制的关键命令,除了使用可编程序控制器自身的网络通信传送它的信息外,最好有使用它的I/O点做成的硬件联锁,特别是两者之间“急停”的处理;虽然两个系统都在自身的通信扫描中互相变换着“停止”或“急停”命令,但因一方在急停故障时已经停止运行,另一方并未收到已停止的信息而照常运行,其后果难测。可编程序控制器控制系统关键的“急停”应先切除执行机构的电源,然后将其信号送入可编程序控制器,这样可取得设备安全保护的时间。
4、可编程序控制器的程序要简明且可读用户软件的编写是“平铺直叙”,用户软件可看成是一个有序的“黑盒子”系列,每个“黑盒子”按照结构化语言划分,可分为几种典型的语句。每个语句方式、手法可能十分单调,但一定要明确。在设计与编写这些语句时,若使用不易推理的逻辑关系太多,或者语句因素太多,特殊条件太多,就会使人阅读这些语句时十分难懂。因此,一个可编程控制器的用户软件的可读性,即编写的软件能为大多数人读懂,能理解可编程控制器在执行这个语句时,“发生了什么”是十分重要的。每一段程序力求功能单一而流畅,这是软件在使用和维护时的重要条件。
5、可编程序控制系统在硬件和软件上的预置,有运行检测的关键监视条件可编程序控制系统配置了彩色图形工作站/屏幕监视,但从价格及反映现场状态的时间来看,屏幕监视尚不方便。关键的故障,或者在关键的机械设备附近,可配置一些指示灯,它们可以用数字量输出做成,用来监视程序的正常运行,或用来调试程序,在指示灯旁配以功能标牌,可帮助操作人员确认可编程序控制系统的正常运行和及时反映故障。
6、设计大中型可编程序控制系统时不要耗尽它的硬件和软件资源对于设计的新系统,硬件上至少要保留15%左右的冗余,在软件编制时,同样要估计用户软件对计算机资源的需要与 用量。尤其对中间继电器,计数器/定时器的使用,要留有余地。因为在调试和运行后,软件总会被修改、补充,甚至重新编制。已编制的软件让人无法修改和完善,在工程上是不实际的。
7、合理地配置可编程序控制器系统的冗余可编程序控制系统可能做出多种方式的冗余,中央处理器的双机热备、冷备冗余是常见的方式。另外,双系统冗余,即中央处理器和全部的输入、输出、组网通信完全冗余,其价格和实用性虽然在许多工程项目中难以被人接受,但在有毒、有害的化工生产环境这种冗余很有必要。在设计系统中,要使配置冗余方式较为经济而又实用,力求使故障缩小在本设备身上。不要因某一设备发生故障,引起工艺流程中相关设备运行或状态受到冲击。 以上阐述的几个方面,是在可编程序控制系统总体方案设计时,要格外重视的问题,只有在设计系统时,考虑周到,系统投入运行之后,设计人员才能少些遗憾。
84 MORI SEIKI SL3 CNC FANUC 6T MOTOR A860-0300-T001
FANUC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0613-B032 ENCODER A860-0300-T002
84 MORI SEIKI SL3 CNC FANUC 6T MOTOR A860-0300-T001 2
FANUC MOTOR AND 2000 PULSE CODER ENCODER A860-0300-T001 LATHE NAKAMURA TMC-4 CNC
FANUC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0601-B032 & PULSE CODER A860-0300-T002 NAKAMURA TMC-4 CNC
FANUC MOTOR WITH PULSE CODER A860-0300-T002 2500P
FANUC SERVO MOTOR ENCODER A06B-0613-B032 A860-0300-T002
FANUC MOTOR WITH PULSE CODER A860-0300-T002 2500P
BRIDGEPORT 2ND FANUC DC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0641-B011 W/ A860-0300-T001 ENCODER
BRIDGEPORT 2ND FANUC DC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0641-B011 W/ A860-0300-T001 ENCODER B
BRIDGEPORT 2ND FANUC DC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0641-B011 W/ A860-0300-T001 ENCODER C
FANUC MOTOR FANUC AC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0501-B754-R ABS PULSE CODER A860-0326-T101
Fanuc A860-0356-T101 Servo Pulse Encoder ! WOW !
FANUC SERVO MOTOR 10M A06B-0651-B011 W/A860-0300-T001 A
FANUC 20S MOTOR A06B-0502-B373 & ENCODER A860-0346-T111
MIYANO KNC-45 KNC45 MOTOR WITH FANUC ENCODER PULSE CODER A860-0300-T002 2500P
FANUC SERVO MOTOR 5M A06B-0642-B013 W/A860-0300-T003
FANUC MOTOR with encoder A860-0304-T111 2000P
FANUC A06B-0377-B175 SERVO MOTOR PULSECODER A860-0360-T001 (AM2.5/3000)
Fanuc A1/3000 AC Servo Motor_A06B-0371-B077_Pulse Coder aI64_A860-0365-T001
Fanuc AC Servo Motor a22/2000 _ A06B-0147-B075 A06B0147B075 _ A860-0360-T201
FANUC A860-0302-T003 PULSE CODER WITH GEARBOX
FANUC PULSE CODER UNIT A860-0320-T112 A8600320T112 ENCODER
FANUC ABS PULSE CODER A860-0320-T011
GE FANUC A290-0561-V531 A860-0320-T111 PULSE CODER
FANUC ABS PULSE CODER A860-0320-T111 2000P
GE FANUC A860-0320-T111 PULSE CODER
FANUC A860-0300-T001 USPP A8600300T001
Used Fanuc Serial Pulse Coder A860-0346-T101 Encoder Pulsecoder Fully Tested
Used Fanuc Serial Pulse Coder A860-0346-T041 Encoder Pulsecoder Fully Tested
Used Fanuc HR Pulse Coder A860-0316-T201 Encoder Pulsecoder Fully Tested
FANUC AC SERVO MTR A06B-0531-B002 2500P A860-0304-T112
Fanuc Pulsecoder TYPE A860-0356-X011 8 A860-0365-V501
FANUC AC SERVO MTR A06B-0314-0569 2500P A860-0304-T112
FANUC MTR MODEL 5 A06B-0314-0569 2500P A860-0304-T112
USED Fanuc A860-0346-T061 Serial Pulse Coder A A06B-0346-B356
FANUC PULSECODER A860-0304-T011
FANUC PULSECODER A860-O360-T061
Fanuc AC Servo Motor Model 5S A06B-0314-B074#7000 A860-0356-T101 Shaft is bent
FANUC ABS PULSECODER A860-0320-T011
Fanuc CNC Servo Motor A06B-0123-B075 ( Encoder: A860-0360-T201 )
Fanuc CNC Servo Motor A06B-0127-B075 ( Encoder: A860-0360-T201 )
Fanuc Pulse encoder 10000P A290-0561-V561 A8600310T111 NEW A860-0310-T111
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GE Fanuc AC Servo Motor A06B-0315-B202#7008-R _ 10S __ A860-0304-T112 2500P
NEW FANUC A290-0521-V581 / A860-0321-T131 PULSECODER
FANUC A860-0392-T013 Internal Sensor Ring
Fanuc 12/2000 AC Servo Motor # A06B-0142-B175/7008 A06B0142B175 A860-0360-T201
FANUC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0314-0569 A860-0304-T112 2500
Fanuc AC SERVO MOTOR A6/3000 A06B-0128-B684 7008 _ A860
FANUC A860-0360-T001 USPP A8600360T001
FANUC A860-0304-T011 USPP A8600304T011
FANUC A860-0361-T001 USPP A8600361T001
FANUC PULSE CODER A860-2000-T301
A860-0346-T041 FANUC
Fanuc Servo Motor 10S_A06B-0315-B005 7000 _C997A2685 _A860-0315-T102
GE Fanuc Motor A06B-0315-B005#7008 _ 10S A860-0315-T102 2500P _ 471611
FANUC SERVO MOTOR W/ ENCODER A860-0300-T002 2000PTOYODA FV45 VERT MILL B
FANUC OS AC MOTOR A06B-0313-B003 PULSE CODER A860-0304-T113 3000P TSUGAMI NP32
FANUC OS AC MOTOR A06B-0313-B005 PULSE CODER A860-0315-T102 2000P TSUGAMI NP32
KITAMURA MYCENTER2 FANUC SERVO MOTOR 5 A06B-0614-B031 PULSE CODER A860-0300-T001
KITAMURA MYCENTER2 FANUC SERVOMOTOR5 A06B-0614-B031 PULSE CODER A860-0300-T001 B
KITAMURA MYCENTER 2 GETTY A60B-0614-B001 FANUC PULSE CODER A860-0300-T001
KITAMURA MYCENTER2 FANUC SERVOMOTOR5 A06B-0614-B031 PULSE CODER A860-0300-T001 C
FANUC ROBOTICS SERVO SERIAL PULSECODER A A860-0346-T141 *NEW*
FANUC SERVO MOTOR B-483779 AND PULSE CODER UNIT A860-0300-T002 CINCINNATI MC02
FANUC PULSECODER A860-0360-T201
USED Fanuc A860-0346-T141 Serial Pulse Coder A with Cable
Fanuc A860-0301-T003 3000P Pulse Module Circuit Board PCB A8600301T003
Fanuc Control Board Operators Panel CRT 44C741067-G07R01 _ A860-0202-T001 OPNA1
FANUC DC MOTOR 5 W/ ENCODER 52000MN 5 2000MN 5-2000MN 2000M A860-0300-T001 *M*
FANUC AC Servo Motor A06B-0128-B684#7008_A06B0128B6847008_ A860-0346-T241
Fanuc A860-0309-T302 Alpha Positioncoder Encoder ZA Rotary Daewoo Puma Spindle
FANUC A860-0308-T111 A8600308T111 A860 0308 T111 \
FANUC DC SERVO MOTOR MODEL 10M A06B-0651-B012 PULSE CODER A860-0300-T002 2500P B
Fanuc AC SERVO MOTOR 6/3000 A06B-0128-B675 7008 _ A860
Fanuc AC Servo Motor 10 M A06B-0501-B001 A860 0304 T111
Fanuc CNC Tape Reader Unit #A860-0056-T020
Fanuc Servo Pulse Coder A860-0301-T004
Fanuc AC Servo Motor 5S A06B-0314-B202 _ A068-0314-B202 _ A860-0304-T112 2500P
Fanuc CNC Tape Reader Unit #A860-0056-T020 _____ N/R
FANUC PULSECODER A860-0321-T131
Fanuc AC Servo Motor a6/3000 A06B-0128-B577#7208_A06B0128B5777208_A860-0365-T101
FANUC A860-0370-V502 Pulse Coder Free Ship
Fanuc A860-2000-T301 Pulse Coder Free Ship
Fanuc A860-2005-T301 Pulse Coder Free Ship
FANUC MOTOR 10M 212#0006 & ENCODER A860-0300-T002 HITACHI SEIKI CNC HORIZONTAL
FANUC PULSE CODER ALPHA A860-2005-T301
Fanuc Pulse coder A860-2005-T301
FANUC A860-0372-T001 USPP A8600372T001
Fanuc AC Servo Motor 0S OS_A06B-0313-B172#7000_A860-0346-T101_4.2 AMPS_Class F
NEW FANUC HAND HELD PULSE GENERATOR ( A860-0202-T004 )
Fanuc Encoder A860-0320-T111_A8600320T111_A86O-O32O-T111_A86OO32OT111
FANUC A860-0370-T001 USPP A8600370T001
Fanuc DC Servo Motor 5M A06B-0642-B012_A06B0642B012_Pulse coder: A860-0300-T002
*BRAND NEW* FANUC ENCODER A860-0315-T102 A8600315T102 A860 0315 T102
Fanuc Pulse Coder / Encoder A860-0308-T112 2500P
Fanuc Pulse Coder / Encoder A860-0308-T111 2000P
FANUC Pulse Coder A860-0360-V501
NEW FANUC A860-0360-V501 PULSECODER
SAME AS A860-0360-T201 SPEC WITH CABLE
NEW FANUC A860-0360-V501 PULSECODER NO CABLE
SAME AS A860-0360-T201 SPEC WITH CABLE
FANUC NP-0111 CONTROL PANEL W/ PULSE GENERATOR A860-0200-T021 IKEGAI FX20N
FANUC ENCODER A860-0 300-T001 A860 0 300 T001 FUJITSU FANUC CNC VERT MILL
FANUC ENCODER A860-0 300-T001 A860 0 300 T001 FUJITSU FANUC CNC VERT MILL (B)
FANUC ENCODER A860-0 3000-T001 A860 0 3000 T001 FUJITSU FANUC CNC VERT MILL (B)
MAZAK V-12 CNC MILL CONTROL PANEL 14746205401 FANUC ENCODER A860-0200-T021
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12 B
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12 C
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12 D
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12 E
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12 F
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12 H
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12 I
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12 J
FANUC PULSE CODER AA64 A860-0360-T201 A860-0356-X011 6 FANUC MISC P12 G
FANUC ROBOTICS PULSE CODER UNIT A860-0301-T001 2000P *NEW*
Fanuc PulseCoder A860-0370-T001 Free Ship
FANUC ABS PULSE CODER A860-0321-T122 2500P
Fanuc Pulse Coder A860-0304-T111 A8600304T111 2000P
FANUC PULSE CODER A860-0304-T111
FANUC PULSE CODER A860-0304-T011
Fanuc Motor A06B-0128-B577#7208 A860-0365-T101
FANUC ROBOTICS SERVO SERIAL PULSECODER A A860-0346-T041
Fanuc A860-0304-T011 IN STOCK A8600304T011
FANUC A860-0365-T101 USPP A8600365T101
Fanuc A860-0346-T101 Encoder A8600346T101 SERIAL PULSE CODER A
FANUC TAPE READER UNIT A860-0056-T020 A8600056T020 A860 0056 T020
FUJITSU FANUC TAPE READER UNIT A860-0056-T020 A8600056T020 A860 0056 T020
Fanuc PULSE CODER ENCODER A860-0308-T111 B-011631/200P
FANUC DC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0614-B031 A860-0300-T001
FANUC DC SERVO MOTOR 5 A06B-0614-B032 A860-0300-T002
FANUC DC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0614-B031 A860-0300-T001 CNC
FANUC DC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0642-B012 W/ A860-0300-T002
Fanuc Monitor #A61L-0001-0072 w/ MPG A860-0200-T021
FANUC PULSE CODER A860-0356-T001
FANUC A860-0315-T101 2000P PULSECODER
FANUC 10M DC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0651-B012 A860-0300-T002
FANUC 10M DC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0651-B012 A860-0300-T002
FANUC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0651-B012 CODER A860-0300-T002
FANUC SERVO MOTOR A06B-0651-B012 ENCODER A860-0300-T002
FANUC DC SERVO MOTOR MODEL 10M A06B-0651-B012 PULSE CODER A860-0300-T002 2500P
FANUC PULSE CODER 2500 A860-0300-T002 A8600300T002 A860 0300 T002
Fanuc Motor A06B-0128-B575#7076 A860-0360-V501
Fanuc Motor Straight Shaft Keyless A06B-0502-B072 A06B0502B072 A860-0346-T101
Fanuc Motor A06B-0642-B011, A06B0642B011, A860-0300-T001, 2000, K-300148
Fanuc DC Servo Motor Model 5M, A06B-0642-B011. 2000M, A860-0300-T001, K109332
Fanuc 5M DC Servo Motor A06B-0642-B011 (2000M)_ A860-0300-T001 (2000P) C911H0159
Fanuc Sensor Ring A860-0392-V160 SALE (3749)
FANUC PULSE CODER ENCODER A860-0346-T101 A8600346T101
FANUC A860-0315-T102 2500P PULSECODER
FANUC PULSE CODER A860-2005-T301 NEW
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Fanuc A860-0360-T211
FANUC A860-0361-T001 aA64 PULSECODER ENCODER
FANUC A860-0056-T020 TAPE READER UNIT A8600056T020 OERLIKON KN3 VERT MILL B
FANUC TAPE READER UNIT A860-0056-T020 A20B-0004-0280 A8600056T020 MAZAK V-12
FANUC TAPE READER UNIT A860-0056-T020 A20B-0004-0280 LEBLOND MAKINO 74-A30 FNC
FANUC TAPE READER UNIT A860-0056-T020 A860 0056 T020 FANUC MISC P17
FANUC TAPE READER A860-0056-T020 A8600056T020 CNC CINCINNATI MC02
GE FANUC A860-0360-T061 ALPHA A64 PULSE CODER
FANUC SERIAL PULSE CODER A860-0356-T001
FANUC PULSECODER A860-0360-V501
FANUC ENCODER A860-0300-T002 A8600300T002 A860 0300 T002
Fanuc A860-0360-V511 Alpha A64 Pulsecoder, Compleby Tested *EXCELLENT PULL*
FANUC A860-0320-T111 PULSE CODER GOOD TAKE OFF
Fanuc A860-0364-X004 Encoder Free Ship
GE FANUC Manual Pulse Generator A860-0203-T013
Fanuc Tape Reader Unit A860-0056-T020 A20B-0004-0280
Gettys Fanuc 10 Servo Motor A860-0300-T002/3_A8600300T002/3_1500 RPM
FANUC A860-0301-T001 PULSE CODER
FANUC A860-0301-T002 PULSE CODER
FANUC A860-0310-T023 USPP A8600310T023
GE FANUC 1/3000 AC SERVO MOTOR 0.3kW 90V A06B-0371-B577#7000 A860-0365-T001
OKUMA HOWA MILL AC2 FANUC ENCODER TYPE A860-0304-T111 2000P A8600304T1112000P
OKUMA HOWA MILL AC2 FANUC ENCODER TYPE A860-0304-T111 A8600304T111 B
FANUC ENCODER A860-0321-T122 A860 0321 T122 ENCODER HITACHI SEIKI EDM#2 P2B
FANUC POWER CONTROL PANEL W/ PULSE GENERATOR A860-0201-T001 KITAMURA 1
FANUC MOTOR A06B-0314-0569 *NO ENCODER* A860-0304-T113-2500P FANUC MISC P12
KITAMURA 4 CONTROL PANEL W/ FANUC PULSE GENERATOR A860-0201-T001 A8600201T001
Fanuc PULSE CODER ENCODER A290-0521-V581 A860-0321-T131
FANUC PULSE CODER ENCODER A860-0346-T111 A8600346T111
SPINDLE CONTROL PANEL WITH FANUC PUSLE GENERATOR A860-0201-T002 LEBLOND BARON 25
FANUC PULSE CODER A860-0300-T003 A8600300T003 CNC
Fanuc Pulse coder Alpha I64 A8600365T101 Fanuc Encoder NEW A860-0365-T101
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Fanuc Pulse coder Alpha A64 A8600360V501 Fanuc Encoder NEW A860-0360-V501
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Fanuc Getty's DC SERVO MOTOR 10-2000N w/ A860-0300-T001
Fanuc Pulse Coder A860-0301-T001 2000P Pulse Rev 2000
FANUC TAPE READER UNIT A860-0056-T020 A20B-0004-0280 0004-0270 OKUMA HOWA CNC
Fanuc Pulse coder A860-0304-T111 2000P
FANUC A860-0365-T001 USPP A8600365T001
FANUC PULSE CODER 2000 A860-0300-T001/ A8600300T001 A860 0300 T001
USED Fanuc A860-0360-T061 Alpha A64 Pulse Coder
FANUC A860-0304-T011 2000P PULSE CODER WITH CAP
FANUC PULSE CODER ( A860-0320-T011 ) 2000P
FANUC A860-0315-T101 A8600315T101 A860 0315 T101 \
Fanuc Servo Encoder Part# A860-0360-V501 Used
Fanuc Pulse Coder A860-0315-T101 2000P_A8600315T101_A86O-O315-T1O1_A86OO315T1O1
Fanuc A860-0300-T002 Used 2500 Pulse Coder FREE SHIPPIN
Repair Service for Fanuc Encoder A860-0346-T141 Pulse Coder Pulsecoder
Repair Service for Fanuc Encoder A860-0320-T113 3000P Pulse Coder Encoder
GE Fanuc A860-0320-T011 ABS PULSE CODER
Fanuc MDI/CRT Unit A02B-0050-C553 OPTION UNIT MPG Pulse Generator A860-0201-T001
Fanuc 20S AC Servo Motor_A06B-0502-B002_A06B0502B002_A860-0304-T112 2500P
Fanuc Pulse coder A860-0365-T101 Fanuc Encoder
CONTROL PANEL 1 612 513 W FANUC PULSE GENERATOR A860-0201-T001 TOYODA TYPE 32
OPERATOR PANEL W FANUC ENCODER A860-0201-T001 KITAMURA S-12 CNC
FANUC CONTROL PANEL KEYBOARD & PULSE ENCODER A860-0200-T021 NAKAMURA TMC-4 CNC
HITACHI SEIKI MACC MATIC CONTROL PANEL FANUC PULSE GENERATOR A860-0201-T001
FANUC A860-0056-T020 TAPE READER UNIT A8600056T020 BURGMASTER VT 200
Fanuc Motor Pulse Coder Encoder A860-0304-T111 2000P
Fanuc Alpha 64 Encoder A860-0360-T061