第三章 专业保养
三 Professional Maintenance
柴油发电机组按使用情况可分为两种:一种是以市电为主,发电机组为备用电源设备,另一种是以发电机为主供电设备。两种情况的发电机组使用时间长短相差很大,柴油发电机的保养的一般以开机累计小时数来定,上述第一种供电方式每个月仅试机几个小时,如累计到B、C级技术保养小时数再进行技术保养,时间就显得太久,所以,应根据具体情况灵活掌握,及时进行技术保养,可尽早消除机器的不良现象,保证机组处于良好的状态,并可延长机器使用年限,因此,要使柴油机组工作正常可靠,必须执行柴油机的技术保养制度。技术保养类别分为:
Diesel generator set can be divided into tao kinds according to service condition:First ,it is used as standby power equipment.Second,it is used as primary power equipment.There is a big difference between two kinds of diesel generators in working time.Maintenance of diesel generator depends on number of working time.The first kind of generator only work several hours,so it is not necessary to maintain the generator according to B、 C technical maintenance hourage.We should be more flexible,maintain the generator timely.Eliminate the undesirable phenomenon of machine as early as possible to enable generator is in good shape,its service life will be extended. Therefore, to make sure diesel engine works normally, Please carry out its technical maintenance system strictly.
一、“A”级保养检查(每日或每星期)
一 “A” level maintenance checks(daily or weekly)
二、“B”级保养检查(每250小时或一个月)
二 “B” level maintenance checks(every 250 hours or one month)
三、“C”级保养检查(每1500小时或半年)
三 “C” level maintenance checks(every 1,500 hours or six months)
四、中修保养检查(每6000小时或一年半)
四 Intermediate repair maintenance checks(every 6,000hours or 18 months)
五、大修保养检查(每超过半时10000小时)
五 High-level repair maintenance checks(more than 10,000hours)
注意:1、C级保养、中修保养、大修保养应由柴油发电机组的分销商或经销商进行专业的工程处理来完成。
Notice: 1 “C” level maintenance 、Intermediate repair maintenance、 High-level repair maintenance should be completed by diesel generator distributors or dealers.
2、备用发电机应定期(每月4次)开动柴油机组运转30分钟左右,以蒸发柴油机体内的水份,达到防潮、防腐、防锈等作用。
2 Standby generator should be regularly(4 times/per month) started for about 30 minutes,that will evaporate moisture in diesel engine,achieve functions of being moisture-proof、 anticorrosion 、rust prevention.
一、“A”级保养检查——每日
一 “A” level maintenance checks ——daily
(一)、检查机油平面
(一)Check the machine oil plane
用柴油机的机油尺检查机油平面。为了得到精确的读数,机油平面应在柴油机停车15分钟后,机油流回到油底壳时检查,机油尺应保持和原装的机油盘配对,尽可能地保持机油平面接近高位“Hi”标记处。
Check the machine oil level with the dipstick of diesel engine.In order to get accurate readings,check the machine oil level after diesel engine stops 15 minutes.Dipstick should match original diesel oil tray,maintain the diesel oil level close “Hi” mark place as far as possible.
警告:当机油标记低于标记“Lo”或高于高位标记“Hi”时,决不要操作柴油机(如果需要,则添加与柴油机中质量和牌号相同的机油)。
Warning:Do not operate diesel engine when diesel oil level is below “Lo” or above “Hi” mark place(The quality and trademark of machine oil must be as same as before)
(二)、检查油浴式空气滤清器的机油平面
(二) Check the machine oil level of aire filter
每天要检查油浴式空气滤清器中的机油平面,一定要使盘中的机油平面达到指示的标记处。需要时重新加满。
Check the machine oil level of aire filter every day,Make sure machine oil level is up to mark place.Re-fill it if necessary.
(三)、检查冷却系统
(三) Check cooling system
保持冷却液加满到工作平面,每天或每次开机前检查冷却液平面,分析冷却液消耗的原因,检查冷却液平面只有在冷却系统冷却后进行。
Maintain coolant is up to working plane,check coolant level every day or every time before starting machine.Analyse the reason of coolant consumption,check coolant level when cooling system cools
(四)、检查驱动皮带
(四) Check the driving belt
检视皮带是否松驰。如果存在皮带打滑现象,应按下列方法进行调整。
使用合适的张力计,按下列表中数据检查并(或)调整皮带张紧度。
Check the belt to see whether it is slack or not.If it is,adjust it according to the following instructions.
Use proper tensiometer,check or adjust belt according to the data of list.
皮带张紧度表
皮带张紧度(磅) |
皮带宽度 皮带规格 ★新皮带张紧度 ★★运转后皮带张紧度 (英寸) (±10) (±10) |
标准“V”形皮带 1/2 ST-968 140 100 ST-1274 140 100 11/16 ST-1138 140 100 3/4 ST-1138 140 100 复式V型皮带 6筋 ST-1293 150 130 |
特种用途发动机V-378,V-504,V-555 两皮带轮(驱动风扇及交流发动机) 1/2 ST-968 90 50 ST-1274 90 50 三皮带轮(驱动曲轴、水泵、风扇) 1/2 ST-968 130 90 ST-1274 130 90 11/16 ST-1138 140 100 NT-855(驱动水泵、带张带轮) 15/32 ST-968 130 80 ST-1274 130 80 |
★新皮带必须张紧到表中所列的“运转后皮带张紧度”一栏中的数值。 ★★使用过的皮带应重新张紧到表中所列的“运转后皮带张紧度”一栏中的数值。 |
注:当使用“克里克特”(Krikit)张力计时,皮带张力的正常读数应在黑指示臂的顶尖与下部数字刻度相交处读得。应将张力计放在两皮带轮之间的皮带中心处。张力计一边的突缘应与皮带的边缘相齐平。
直列式发动机水泵皮带(无张紧轮)
In-line engine water pump belt(no tension pulley)
1、偏心水泵的调整。
1 Eccentric water pump's adjustment
a、松开水泵康环以使水泵体可以转动。
A
b、向上拉起皮带以松开水泵体。拉时动作要快。
B
c、用杆插入水泵体槽中并逆时针转动泵体以张紧皮带
注:此时不要调整到最终张紧度。
d、上紧排气管一侧离皮带最远处的卡环螺钉至5英尺-磅[7牛·米]扭矩。
e、再将上、下两个螺钉第一次上紧到5英尺-磅[7牛·米]扭矩。
f、最终交替上紧卡环螺钉,每次加大5英尺-磅[7牛·米]扭矩,最终扭矩12~15英尺-磅[16~20牛·米]。
g、检查皮带张紧度。
皮带的最终张紧力不仅能通过单独调整来得到。通过上述程序将螺钉上紧会将水泵拉直,这样,可将皮带张紧度提高到最终数值。
2、仅用于V-903型发动机上的可调的(分开式)水泵皮带轮。
a、卸下连接两半皮带轮的螺钉。
注:彻底清洗螺钉螺纹和皮带轮上的螺孔,以避免重新装配时螺钉损坏。
b、皮带轮的外半边用螺钉装在内半边伸出的毂上。有些皮带轮是平头的,有些是带有突缘的。
c、当皮带轮的外半边向内转动时,撬转发动机,使皮带向外滚入皮带轮槽中。
d、调整皮带的张紧度。
e、转动皮带轮的外半边,使螺钉孔尽量对准。
f、装上螺钉并均匀交替地上紧到最终张紧度:
5/16-18螺钉,10~12英尺-磅[14~16牛·米]
5/8-16螺钉,17~12英尺-磅[14~16牛·米]
g、撬转发动机1~2转以使皮带就位。
g、重新检查皮带张紧度。
直列式发动机水泵皮带(带张紧轮)
1、松开将张紧轮上紧到托架或水泵上的螺钉及锁紧垫圈或锁紧螺母。
2、使用一根撬杆(NTA)或调整螺钉(FFC)调整张紧轮,直到张力计指示适当的皮带张紧度为止。
3、将锁紧螺母或螺钉及锁紧垫圈上紧到45~55英寸-磅[61~75牛·米]的扭矩,使张紧轮或托架紧固定位。
注:V-1710型发动机驱动水泵的皮带的自张紧轮不需要调整,也不需检查皮带张紧度。
风扇传动皮带
1、松开风扇毂上的大的锁紧螺母或将风扇毂紧固到安装托架上的螺钉。这些工作做完后风扇毂将偏离。
2、转动调整螺钉以增加皮带的张紧度。
3、上紧锁紧螺母或螺钉直到风扇毂对齐时为止。紧固螺母以保持风扇毂和风扇毂托架适当对准。
注意:不要用调整螺钉调足风扇皮带张紧度,这样会引起过紧。
4、皮带张紧度在所用的张力计上的读数应为《皮带张紧度表》中所示。
5、将NH/NT发动机上的锁紧螺母上紧到400~450英尺-磅[542~610牛·米];然后,松回1/2圈。将NCT-350FFC型发动机上的四个1/2“螺钉紧紧固到75~85英尺-磅[101~115牛·米]。对于V-903型发动机,将螺母紧固到75英尺-磅[101牛·米]或将单螺母紧固到450英尺-磅[610牛·米]。
6、重新检查皮带张紧度。
7、将调整螺钉松回半圈以防止坏。
注:KT/KTA-2300和KTA-3067型发动机上驱动风扇的皮带后部张紧轮为自紧式,因此不需要进行调整或进行张紧度的检查。
发电机或交流发电机皮带
当用张力计测量发电机皮带张紧度时,其数值应为《皮带张紧度表》中所示。
皮带的安装
Belt's installment
如果皮带出现磨损或损坏,应按下列方法进行更换:
If it is necessary to change the belt , replace it according the following instructions:
1、一般总是用缩短皮带轮之间的中心距的方法以便不费力地装上皮带。决不可将皮带滚越皮带轮装上去或用螺丝刀之类的工具撬上去。这两种方法均会损坏皮带和导致早期损坏。
1 Shorten the distance between two centers of pulleys,it will be more easy to install belt.
2、一般总是成组地更换皮带。在同一组皮带中,皮带嵌入的深度差不应大于1/16[1.6毫米]。
2 Belts are usually replaced in group.Depth that embed should not be more than 1/16 [1.6mm].
3、皮带轮的不对中度在两皮带轮中心这间不应超过每英尺[0.3]1/16” [1.6毫米]
4、皮带不应沉入皮带轮槽的底部,也不应高出皮带轮槽上边缘3/32”[2.4毫米]。
4 Belt should not sink into the bottom of pulley groove,it also should not be 3/32”[2.4 mm] higher than pulley groove.
5、不要让皮带碰擦任何相近的零件。
5 Do not let leather belt scratch any close accessories.
6、调整皮带至合适的张紧度。
6 Adjust leather belt to appropriate rate of tension.
重新调整新皮带
Readjust new leather belt
所有的新皮带在运转了五分钟后都将变松,因此必须重新调整到“运转后皮带张紧度”。
All new belt will be slack after they run 5 minutes,so it is very necessary to adjust leather belt to appropriate rate of tension
(五)、检查进气管各连接处
(五)Check junction of intake pipe
检查进气管各连接处、卡箍是否松动,软管是否有龟裂、穿孔或磨损,是否有软管断裂或其它损伤,拧紧卡箍或按需要更换零件,保证进气系统密封良好,确保全部空气均通过空气滤清器。
Check whether juncitions of intake pipe is slack ,or something go wrong with tube,replace it as soon as possible. Intake system must be airproof,so that all air will goes through air filter.
(六)、外观检查
(六) Appearance check
检查是否有外部空气漏入,冷却液或机油渗漏,拧紧螺钉连接处,接头等或者按需要可更换垫片,检查机油尺和加油管道盖,看是否坚固严密。
Check whether air leaks into machine,coolant or machine oil leaks.Screw bolt junctions and joint.replace the filling pieces as requested ,check machine oil dipstick and cap of oil pipe.
(七)、检查损坏情况
Check damage situation
目检燃油系统,包括AFC燃油泵的错误调整或碰伤的情况,检查所有接头有无渗漏或损坏。检查发动机有无损坏,如需要予以整修。
Eye-checking fuel system,AFC fuel pump's faulty adjustment or the situation of bumping.Check whether all junctions leaks or damages. Check wether the engine damages,repair it if necessary.
(八)、保养时应注意的事项:
Items should be paid attention to when maintenance
1、润滑油压力低。
1 Lubricating oil's pressure is too low.
2、动力不足。
2 Power is not enough.
3、冷却液或机油温度反常。
3 Coolant or machine oil's temperature is abnormal.
4、冷却液、机油或燃油超耗。
4 Consumption of coolant、 machine oil or fuel exceeds.
5、发动机声音不正常、烟色不正常、排烟管发红。
5 Engine's sound or smoke is not normal、smoke tube turns red.
6、燃油、冷却液或润滑油渗漏。
6 Fuel 、coolant or lubricating oil leaks.
二、“A”级保养检查——每周
二、“A” level maintenance check —— weekly
重复每天的检查项目
Repeat daily inspection items
检查空气滤清器
Check ail filter
清洗初滤器和集尘器
Clean filter and dust catcher
在灰尘极多的情况下,可使用空气初滤器。每天清洁初滤器筒和干式空气滤清器集尘盘,或根据工作情况的需要,更频繁一些。
If there is too much dust,please use air filter.clean filter cartridges and dry-type air filter dust collection plate.According to working condition's need,clean them frequently.
检查进气阻力
Check intake resistance
机械式指示器
Mechanical indicator
可利用一种机械式阻力指示器来测量干式空气滤清器过大的空气阻力。该指示器可以安装大空气滤清器的出口处或车辆的仪表板上。当滤芯被灰尘弄脏时,窗口的红色标记就逐渐升起。更换或装回滤芯后,通过按下复位按钮使指标器复原。
Use mechanical indicator to measure air resistance of dry-type air filter. The indicator can be installed on air filter's exit or vehicles's instrument board.When filter element is dirty,window 's red mark will gradually raises.After replacing the filter element,press reset button and indicator will resume.
注:决不可以从指示器上拆掉毡质垫圈,它有吸湿作用。
Notice: Do not dismantle gasket of indicator,it has the hygroscopic effect.
真空式指示器
Vacuum indicator
可采用真空开关,当空气阻力变得过大时它开动仪表板上的警报灯。
Vacuum switch can be used,when air resistance is too large it will start instrument board 's alarming lamp
1、增压式发动机在满负荷状态下空气阻力不得超过25英寸[635毫米]水柱或1.8英寸[46毫米]汞柱。
1 Air resistance of turbocharged engine at full load condition is not allowed to exceed 25 inches[635mm] water or 1.8 inches [46 mm] Hg.
2、自然进气式发动机进气歧管中的空气阻力在额定转速时不得超过20英寸[508毫米] 水柱或1.5英寸[38毫米]汞柱。
2 Air resistance of naturally aspirated engine 's intake manifold at rated speed is not allowed to exceed 20 inches [508mm]water or 1.5 inches[38mm]Hg
清洁或更换空气滤清器芯子
Clean or replace air filter element
干式空气滤清器中的纸质滤芯可以多次地用压缩空气吹除灰尘或用不起泡沫的家庭用洗涤剂和120~1400F[49~60℃]热水清洗,然后用压缩空气吹干,空气压力约为30磅/英寸2[207千帕]。不要使空气喷咀太靠近滤芯。
Dry-type air filter's paper filter element can be blowed with compressed air many times or cleaned by household detergent without foam and 120~1400F[49~60℃] hot water,then dry it by compressed air.Air pressure is about 30 pounds/ inches2 [207KPA].
滤芯经过几次清洗以后最终还会堵塞,因而空气将受阻,不能流往发动机。清洗以后应按前述方法检查阻力,必要时更换滤芯。
Filter element will eventually be blocked after several cleaning,air is not allowed to enter into engine.check resistance after cleaning,replace filter element when necessary.
注意:穿孔、端部密封松动、密封表面凹陷及其他形式损坏表示滤清器已无效,需要立即更换滤芯。
Notice:Perforation ,replace the filter element immediately.
更换滤芯:
Replace filter element:
1、松开将底盖紧固到滤清器壳上的翼形螺母。卸下滤清器盖。
1 Loosen filter's aerofoil nut,discharge filter's cap.
2、从中心螺栓上拉下滤芯。
2 Pull filter element down from center bolt.
注意:当从壳中拆出滤清器底盖和芯子时要笔直拉出,以避免损坏滤芯。
Notice:
3、从滤清器壳的出口端上卸下密封垫。
3 Unload the airproof gasket from filter case's exit.
当安装滤芯时,一定要使滤芯坐落到空气滤清器出口端的密封垫上。
Filter element must sit on the gasket of air filter's exit when replacing filter element.
重型干式空气滤清器
Heavy dry-type air filter
重型空气滤清器(单级和双级式)在空气进入发动机前通过离心式滤清与滤芯滤清来过滤空气。
Heavy dry-type air filter(single stage and dual stage) filters air by means of filter element before air enters into engine.
拆卸滤清器前,擦去滤清器盖和滤清器上部的灰尘。清洁单级和双级重型空气滤清器和程序如下:
Rub out filter cap and filter top's dust before disassembling filter.Clean heavy dry-type air filter (single stage and dual stage) according to the following procedure:
1、松开翼型螺栓,卸下紧固集尘盘的箍带。
1 Loosen aerofoil bolt,unload the band belt which tightens dust plate.
2、松开翼形螺母,从集尘盘上卸下挡尘板清洗集尘盘和挡板。
2 Loosen aerofoil bolt,unload the dust board from dust plate and clean dust plate and board.
3、卸下将空气滤清器初级滤芯紧固到滤滤清器壳上翼形螺母检查翼形螺母上的橡胶密封垫圈。
3
4、从干净空气一端用压缩空气吹扫滤芯,压缩空气的压力不要超过30磅/英寸2[207千帕]。
4 Blow the filter element with clean compressed air,Compressed air's pressure is not allowed to exceed 30 pounds/inch2 [207kpa].
5、用不起泡的家庭用洗涤剂和120~1400F[49~60℃]热水清洗滤芯。再用压力为30磅/英寸2[207千帕]的压缩空气吹干。
5 Clean the filter element with household detergent without foam and 120~1400F[49~60℃] hot water,then dry it by compressed air.Air pressure is about 30 pounds/ inches2 [207KPA].
6、检查清洗后的滤芯。
6 Check the filter element which has been cleaned.
7、安装新的或清洗后的初级滤芯。
7 Install new or cleaned primary filter element.
8、在上紧翼型螺栓之前一定要在螺母的下面加入密封垫圈。
8 Add airproof gasket below nut before tightening aerofoil bolt.
9、重新安装挡尘板和集尘盘,将其装入空气滤清器壳中并用箍带紧固。
9 Reinstall dust board and dust plate,tighten it with strap.
10、对于双芯旋流式空气滤清器:
10 Two core eddy type air filter
a、检查空气阻力指示器,如果空气阻力过大,拆卸空气滤清器,卸下翼形螺母并更换安全滤芯。
A Check air resistance indicator,If air resistance is too large,disassemble air filter,unload aerofoil bolt and replace safe filter element.
b、如上面第8和第9两步所述,重新装配空气滤清器。
B Reinstall air filter according to the above 8 and 9.
简式空气滤清器芯子
Skeleton symbol air filter element
1、松开空气滤清器壳上的翼形螺母卸下带有集尘斗的初级滤器栅板。为拆卸带有排气吸尘器的初滤器栅板,应松开将初滤器固定到吸尘器管上的U形螺栓卡子。
1 Loosen air filter case's aerofoil nut and unload the primary filter grid with dust bucket.In order to unload primary filter grid with cleaner,loosen U bolt clip fixed on cleaner.
2、用手指插入滤芯的开口中,逐渐松开滤芯的四角,将脏的帕米克(Pamic)筒式滤芯笔直拉出。
2 Finger inserts in filter element's aperture,loosen filter's four corners gradually.Pull dirty Pamic barrel filter element out.
对于较大的滤芯,可能需要沿滤芯边缘断开密封,密封断开以后,笔直拉滤芯并轻轻地向上提,使滤芯不和密封架及空气滤清器壳的边缘相碰。
Regarding major filter element,,pull the filter element,
清洗和检查
Clean and check
1、清洁初滤器开口上所有烟灰、油膜和其他任何可能堵塞在开口内的东西。清除初滤器和吸尘器管下的任何灰尘和脏东西。检查空气滤清器壳内部有无杂质。
1 Clean filter aperture's all soot oil film and any other things.Remove filter and cleaner pipe's soot and dirty things.Check whether there is impurity in filter case.
2、检查脏滤芯上的烟灰或机油。如果帕米克管的内部有烟灰,就应检查发动机排气系统有无漏气情况,检查回流入进气管的排气以及从其他设备处来的排气。若滤芯上出现了油膜,检查曲轴通风器逸出的雾。过多的油雾会缩短干式滤芯的寿命。排除这种故障就能延长滤芯的寿命。
2 Check dirty filter's soot and machine oil.If there is soot in Pamic pipe,check whether exhaust system leaks,inspect exhaust which flows back to air feeder and exhaust from other equipments.If there is oil on filter element,check the fog from crank ventilator.Oil mist will shorten dry-type filter's service life.
3、不正当清洗并重新使用滤芯。当重新使用时,一个纸滤芯的预期的寿命只能是原来寿命的一个零头。
3 Clean improperly and reuse filter element,When filter element is reused,its service life will be very short
4、检查卡子和挠性软管或管子,一定要使带有排气吸尘器的滤清器上的所有接头气密良好。
4 Check clip and flexibility tube and pipe,Make sure that all filter's connections is airproof.
5、初滤器上的集尘斗是自动清洁的。
5 Primary filter's bucket can be cleaned automaticlly.
装配
Assemble
1、安装前检查新滤清器滤芯有无运输的损坏。
1 Check whether filter element damaged in transit before assembling.
2、安装新滤芯时,要用从滤清器壳中卸下来的相同方法握住滤芯。把干净的滤芯插入滤清器壳中,避免滤芯管碰到空气滤清器壳边缘上的密封凸缘。
2 When installing filter element,grip the filter element in the same way of unloding it from filter case.Insert clean filter element into filter case,
3、滤清器不需要另外的密封圈进行密封,因此,插滤芯时要小心,在确保滤芯在滤清器壳内部正确就位。用手指将滤芯的所有边缘和角压实,以使滤芯和滤清器壳密封凸缘之间实现可靠的气密。决不可用敲或压滤芯中心的办法来实现密封。
3 Filter does not need additional airproof gasket.So be careful when inserting filter element.Make sure filter element is at right position.press filter element's edges and angles with finger.Make sure filter is airproof .Do not knock and press filter element's center.
4、装回初滤器栅板并用手上紧翼形螺母,最后再用一个小的活动扳手将螺母拧紧1.5~2圈以达到最终紧度。不可过紧,对于带有排气吸尘器的初滤器,将吸尘器管装到初滤器栅板上并上紧U形螺栓。
4 Install filter grid back and tighten aerofoil nut.screw down the nut 1.5-2 circle by means of a monkey wrench.Regarding primary filter with cleaner,install cleaner pipe on filter grid and tighten U bolt.
5、要注意保持滤清器表面不被阻塞。
5 Pay attention to maintenance and filter's surface is not blocked
更换油浴式空气滤清器中的机油
Replace bath-type air filter's machine oil
在灰尘积到1/2”[12.7毫米]之前,从滤清器上卸下机油盘。倒掉机油并在清洁的溶剂或燃油中清洗。
Unload machine oil plate from filter before dust reaches 1/2”[12.7mm] .Pour the machine oil and clean it in clean impregnant or fuel.
注:在潮湿气候的冬季,更换机油与灰尘较多的气候下换油是同等重要的,因为空气滤清器的进口位于空气流中,它将把湿气带入滤清器中。
Notice:In moist winter,replacing machine oil is as important as replacing oil when there is too much dust.Because air filter's intake is in air current,it will bring moisture into filter.
用清洁新鲜的、与使用在发动机曲轴面圆点所示的位置处,并把油盘装到滤清器上。在很冷的气候下,有必要使用较轻级的机油。一种带无泡沫清净剂或无泡沫添加剂的纯矿物油,可以使用在油浴式空气滤清器中。
Install oil plate back to filter. Under very cold climate,it is necessary to use light level machine oil.A non-foam detergent or a non- foam additive pure mineral oil can be used in bath-type air filter.
注意:决不可使用脏的或用过的机油
Notice:Dirty or used machine oil is not allowed to use.
放出储气筒的积水
Let air reservoir's water out
在寒冷的气候下,储气筒和管路中的冷凝水蒸气可能冻结而使控制机构失灵。
In cold climate, air reservoir and pipeline's condensation vapor will freezes and control syatem will be out of work.
放出储气筒中的积水以保持压缩空气系统中无水。
Let air reservoir's water out to maintain there is no water in compressed air system.
从燃油箱中放出沉积物
Let fuel tank's deposit
松开燃油箱放油开关或螺塞(如果有的话),放出约一杯的燃油以清除油中的水分和沉积物。关闭放油开关或螺塞。
Loosen fuel tank switch or thread plug(if it is used) ,let a cup of fuel out to eliminate water and deposite.Close switch or thread plug.
燃油/冷却水过滤分离器
Fuel/cooling water filtration segregator
在检查燃油箱时,如发现油箱中的水较通常为多,安装一个水分离器将是合适的。
It is necessary to install an filtration segregator if there is too much water in oil tank.
请与最近的康明斯经销商接洽,以取得符合要求的弗里特伽德(Fleetguard)油水分离器。
If you want to get qualified Fleetguard fuel/cooling water filtration segregator,Please contact the nearest Cummins agent.
放油塞位于一些燃油滤清器壳和燃油箱的底部,未满油的油箱中生成的冷凝水多于满油箱中的冷凝水。所以,油箱应尽可能保持接近于加满状态。从喷油咀中流回的温暖的燃油将加热燃油箱的燃油。如果在寒冷气候下油箱油面低,油箱的上部不能被流回的温暖燃油所加热,从而增加了水蒸气的冷凝倾向。在暖和的气候条下,燃油箱和燃箱都是暖的。但是在夜间,冷空气使油箱温度下降的速度远快于燃油温度下降的速度。这再一次增加了水蒸汽的冷凝倾向。
Oil drain plug is at the bottom of fuel filter and fuel tank.It will produce more condensation water if oil tank is not full.Therefore,oil tank should be full of oil.The warm oil which returns from nozzle will heat up oil tank's fuel.If oil level in oil tank is too low in cold climate,oil tank's top can not be heated by warm fuel,it will increase the tendency of water vapor condensation.In warm climate,both fuel tank and fuel are warm.But at nignt,the tank temperature dropped faster than the speed of fuel temperature's decline.This will increase the tendency of water vapor condensation once again.
三、“B”级保养检查
三 “B”level maintenance check
在每作一次“B”级保养检查时,要完成全部的“A”级保养检查项目,还要加上下列项目:
It is necessary to complete “A” level maintenance check before “B” level maintenance check, and it has to add the following items:
注意:
Notice:
坚持定期“B”级保养检查时对发电机完善保养方面是非常重要。柴油机运转(包括负荷因子和燃油消耗)的直接结果是污染机油。在修理柴油机后,重新加进去的机油,必须采用新的机油,而不能再用从油底中放出的机油。
Regular “B” level maintenance check is very important to generator.Diesel engine's running(including load factor and fuel oil consumption) will directly result in machine oil's pollution.Add new machine oil after repairing engine.Used oil is not allowed to use.
(一)、更换发电机机油及机油滤清器
(一)Replace generator machine oil and machine oil filter
1、起动柴油机使之达到工作温度,停下发电机组,从油底壳底部卸下放油螺塞(或打开放油开关)放出机油。
1 Start diesel engine till it reaches operating temperature, stop generator,Unload oil plug (or oil switch) from the bottom of oil tank to let machine oil out.
2、将放油螺塞装回,螺塞扭紧扭矩:对于CumminsLTA10、6CTM、4BT及Perkins1306、4009TAG、1006TAG用35—40英尺-磅(47-54牛顿·米);对于CumminsNTA855、KTA19、Perkins2006TAG、用45-55英尺-磅(61-75牛顿·米);对于CumminsVTA28、KT(A)38、KT(A)50、及Perkins3008TAG、3002TAG,以上用60-70英尺-磅(81-95牛顿·米)
2 Install oil plug,plug torque:Regarding CumminsLTA10、 6 CTM 、4BT and Perkins1306、 4009TAG、 1006TAG 35-40 feet-pound(47-54 Newton·M);Regarding CumminsNTA855 、KTA19、 Perkins2006TAG、45-55 feet-pound(61-75 Newton·M);Regarding CumminsVTA28、KT(A)38、KT(A)50、and Perkins3008TAG、3002TAG,60-70 feet-pound(81-95 Newton·M)
3、拧下组合式机油滤清器,向新机油滤清器中加注干净规定型号机油,用手拧紧密封垫接触到滤清器为止,然后再拧紧1/2到3/4圈。
3 Open combined-type machine oil filter,add clean and stipulated model machine oil into new machine oil filter,screw down until airproof gasket touches filter,1/2 to 3/4 circle more.
4、向曲轴箱中加注规定型号机油,到机油尺上的“Hi”高位标记处。
4 Add stipulated model machine oil into crankcase until it reaches “Hi”top digit mark place.
5、起动柴油机,目检有无漏油现象。
5 Start diesel engine,check whether it leaks by means of eye.
6、停下柴油机,等15分钟待润滑油流回油底壳中以后,重新用机油尺检查机油平面。如需要,予以添加。
6 Stop diesel engine,wait for 15 minutes until lubricating oil flows back to oil tank.Use dipstick to measure machine oil level.If necessary,add new machine oil.
注:使用的润滑油应符合第1部分表中所列规格,并应装备康明斯本厂滤清器。
Notice:All lubricating oil should be up to standard which stipulated in 1 part list.It is necessary to install original Cummins filter.
润滑油更换周期
Lubricating oil replacement cycle
1、机油更换周期是用 “图表法”来决定。此法是要据燃油消耗量和润滑
添加量来决定更换周期。
1 Machine oil replacement cycle is decided by “graphology”,it is according to fuel consumption and lubricating oil.
2、 “图表法”上的时间周期为250小时或6个月。
2 Time cycle om “graphology” is 250 hours or 6 monthes.
3、决定机油更换周期的另一个方法是通过采用机油分析来确定。
3 The other way that can decide machine oil replacement cycle is machine oil analysis
机油分析
Machine oil analysis
决定何时更换机油的另一个方法是通过实验室试验进行机油分析。如果滤清器、机油品种或等级更换了,应进行一系列新的试验。
The other way that can decide machine oil replacement cycle is machine oil analysis.If filter machine oil's variety or grade has been changed,A series of new experiment should be done.
开始时,每消耗100加仑燃料(已消耗400加仑后)或每工作20小时(已工作100小时后)要做一次润滑油分析,直到分析表明需要进行第一次更换机油。
At beginning, every 100 gallons(400 gallons has already been consumed) fuel has been consumed or every 20 hours (100 hours late) it works,It is necessary to carry out lubricating oil analysis one time,until result shoes it is necessary to replace machine oil.
机油更换的一般限制
Machine oil replacement's common limitation
1、最小粘度(稀释限度):被试机油粘度降低了一个SAE等级,或相当于至少含有5%(按容积计)燃油的这一点。
1 Minimum viscidity(dilutedness limit):The testing machine oil's oilviscidity reduced by a SAE grade,or equivalent of at least 5%(by volume ) fuel.
2、最大粘度:被试机油粘度增大了一个SAE等级,或在210℉[90℃]时粘度增大10%或在100℉[38℃]时增大25%。
2 Maximum viscidity: The testing machine oil's viscidity increased by a SAE grade,or increased by 10% at 210℉[90℃] or increased by 25% at 100℉[38℃].
3、沉积物含量:戊烷不容物正常含量为1.0~1.5%,苯不溶物正常含量为0.75~1.0%。
3 Deposit content: Pentane normal content is 1.0~1.5%,Benzene normal content is 0.75~1.0%.
4、酸值:最大总值为3.5。
4 Acid number:Maximum number is 3.5.
5、水分:最大0.2%。
5 Moisture: Maximum 0.2%。
6、添加剂减少量:最大为25%。
6 Additive consumption: Maximum 25%。
大批贮存补充用的冷却液
Large quantities of coolant's storing
大批贮存补充用的冷却液应按下列程序混合和贮藏。
Large quantities of coolant should be stored according to the following procedure.
1、 放尽贮存罐中的液体并加以清洗,以除去任何杂质。
1 Let storage tank's liquid out and clean the tank,remove all impurity.
按贮存罐的装载容积计算水和防冻剂(如果需要使用的话)的数量。例如一个500加仑的贮存罐若按50:50的比例配制冷却液时需要250加仑的水和250加仑的防冻剂。
Calculate the quantity of water and antifreeze(if it is used)according to storage tank's volume.For example,a 500-gallon storage tank can store 250 gallons of water and 250 gallons of antifreeze according to 50:50 proportion.
3、将贮存罐的总容量(加仑数)乘以需要的DCA浓度。在上例中,对50:50的冷却液,每加仑要1.5盎司[每升要12毫升]的DCA。1.5盎司/加仑乘以500加仑[1892升]得到的DCA的总需要量是750盎司(46磅14盎司)[21.3公斤]。
3 The storage tank's total capacity(gallons) multiplies by the required concentration of DCA.For example,50:50 coolant,Each gallon requires 1.5 ounces [each liter requiers 12 milliliters] DCA. 1.5 ounces/gallon multiplies by 500 gallons[1892 liters] DCA,it will be 750 ounces (46 pounds 14 ounces)[21.3 KG]
4、先将水加到贮藏罐中,在连续搅动中每次加少量的DCA直至全部溶解。水温应超过50℉[10℃]。
4 Add water into storage tank,agitate water until DCA absolutely dissolves.Water's temperature should exceed 50℉[10℃].
5、如要用防冻剂,就在最后加,继续搅动以保持配制好的冷却液在溶液状态。若不搅动或循环。DCA和防冻剂都会沉积在罐底。循环的办法是用一个小泵不断地从罐底吸出DCA和防冻剂再从上面注入液体。可以分别从冷却液的液面、中部罐底取样,分析防冻剂和(或)DCA的浓度,以检查搅动是否够均匀。
5 If antifreeze is used,add it finally,agitate it to maintain coolant is in state of solution.If you do not agitate,DCA and antifreeze will deposit in storage tank's bottom.Use a small pump to aspirate DCAand antifreeze from storage tank's bottom,and pour liquid into storage tank from above.
更换DCA水滤清器
Replace DCA water filter
在每次执行“B”级保养检查时要更换滤清器或滤芯;滤芯的选择要根据系统的尺寸。
It is necessary to replace filter or filter element in “B” maintenance check;Choice of filter element should be based on ystem's measure.
注:在更换冷却液时应将冷却系全部放空,清洗干净后重加。
Notice:Cooling system should be empty before replacing coolant,clean the system and add.
(二)、更换柴油滤清器、水格、空气滤清器
(二)Replace diesel oil filter、 air filter
拆下柴油滤清器、水格、空气滤清器,对新柴油滤清器,加注干净的柴油,水格可直接安装,不需另外加水,安装方法同上面“机油滤清器安装法”,安装空气滤清器,清洁空气滤接口或集尘盘再进行安装。
Dismantle diesel oil filter air filter,Add clean diesel oil toward new diesel oil filter.Install air filter ,clean air connection or dust plate then install.
(三)、清洗曲轴箱通风器
(三) Clean crankcase ventilator
分解曲轴箱通风器本体,用规定的清洗溶剂清洗金属件和橡胶件,再检查安装,对变形,损坏之件予以换新。
Dismantle crankcase ventilator,Use stipulated cleaning solvent to clean metals and rubbers,inspect installment again,replace the deformation and the damaged.
筛式滤芯通风器——清洗和检查
Sieve-type filter element ventilator-clean and check
1、卸下通风管(如未预先卸掉时)。
1 Dismantle ventilator (If it was not unladed beforehand )
2、从通风器体上卸下螺钉、垫圈、盖子、筛和导流板(如使用的话)。
2 Dismantle the bolt、 gasket、 cover、 sieve and air deflector(if it is used) from ventilator.
3、在规定的洗涤溶剂中清洗通风管、筛和导流板,然后用压缩空气吹干。擦干净通风器壳体。
3 Clean the vent-pipe sieve and air deflector in stipulated cleaning solvent,dry them with compressed air,wipe up ventilator case.
4、将导流板和筛(如使用的话)以及新的衬垫装入本体内。
4 Install air deflector and sieve(if it is used)and new gasket into noumenon.
5、装回盖子并使盖的凸台落在筛(如使用的话)的顶尖上;用垫圈和螺钉上紧。
5 Install the cover to maintain cover's lug boss falls on the finial of sieve(if it is used);tighten gasket and bolt.
6、装回通风管。
6 Install ventilator back.
四、“C”级保养
四 “C” level maintenance check
每次进行“C”级保养检查时,先要完成所有“A”和“B”级检查项目,而C级以上的保养,则必须由专业的公司或者专业技术人员来完成。
It is necessary to complete “A” and “B” level maintenance check before “C” level maintenance check.Regarding “C” or above level maintenance check,It has been completed by professional company and professional technicians.
一、 季节性保养检查
五 Seasonal maintenance check
清洗冷却系统(秋季)
Clean cooling system(Autumn)
冷却系必须清洁以使其工作正常。系统中的水垢降低了它从水套吸收的热量和向散热器排出的热量,使用的清洁水以避免堵塞散热器和缸体中几百条细小的水道。对于被水垢和沉积物堵塞了的散热器芯、加热器芯、机油冷却器和气缸体中的水道,用化学清洗剂清洗、中和冲洗。
Clean cooling system regularly,System's water scale reduced the quantity of heat absorbed from water jacket and discharged from radiator.The water used to clean system must be clean ,or it will block the cooling system.As for radiator element 、heater element、 machine oil cooler and aqueduct which are blocked by water scale,Clean them in chemical cleaning solvent.
化学清洗
Chemical cleaning
如果铁锈和水垢多了,就应对系统进行化学清洗。使用一种好的冷却清洗剂,如硫酸氢或草酸,然后是中和剂和冲冼。
If there is too much rust and water scale,it is necessary to carry out chemical cleanling to system.You had better use good cooling clean solvent,such as hydrogen sulfate or oxalic acid,and later neutralizer should be used.
压力冲洗
Pressure cleaning
在加入防冻剂之前先要冲洗散热器和气缸体,或在用过的或大修过的发动机上加装水过滤器。压力冲洗散热器时,打开上下软管接头并拧紧散热器盖。在上下水管接头上使用软管接头可以方便工作。将枪喷咀连到下水管让水充满散热器。然后逐步加大气压以免胀裂散热器芯子。停止进气,让散热器重新注满水,然后又加气压,如此反复进行,直到从散热器出来的水变清为止。
It is necessary to clean radiator and cylinder body before adding antifreeze,and it is also necessary to install water filter on used or repaired engine.In pressure cleaning,open the upper and lower hose coupler and tighten radiator cap.Hose coupler make it more convenient to work.Connect gun nozzle with lower host coupler to add water into radiator.Increase air pressure step by step or radiator element will be damaged.Stop adding air,add water into radiator again,and increase pressure again,back and forth,until water from radiator is clean.
注意:在开始使水流出时不要使用过大的气压,以免胀裂散热器芯子。
Notice:If presuure is too large when water starts flowing out ,or radiator element will be damaged.
沉积物和脏物,除了积沉在散热器芯子中外,也沉积在气缸体的槽、坑中。卸下节温器,用水冲洗气缸体。将下面出水口关小直到气缸体中流满了水,施加空气压力迫使水从下面出水口流出。如此反复进行,直到流出的水变清为止。
Deposit and dirty may be in radiator element,in addition to cylinder's groove、 hole.Dismantle thermostat,clean cylinder with water.Turn down lower water outlet untill cylinder is full of water,increase air pressure to force water flow out through lower water outlet,back and forth, again and again,until water from cylinder body is clean.
更换水管(需要时)
Replace water pipe(if necessary)
检查机油滤清器和冷却系统的软管和软管接头,看有无渗漏及损坏。损坏了的软管的碎片进入冷却系统或润滑系统会限制甚至堵塞散热器芯子的细小水道和机油冷却器,部分地停止循环,所以需要时更换之。
Check machine oil filter and cooling system's tube and hose coupler to see whether they are damaged. Tube's chips may enter cooling system or lubricating system ,even block radiator element's water channel and machine oil system.So if it is damaged,replace it as soon as possible.
检查冷起机预热器(秋天)
Check pre-heater(autumn)
从进气歧管上靠近电热塞处卸下1/8”管螺塞,按第1部分所述检查预热器工作情况。
Dismantle 1/8”pipe plug from intake manifold near galvanothermy plug,check pre-heater according to previous statement.
检查自动百叶窗和自动风扇(秋天)
Check automatic persian blinds and automatic fan (autumn)
自动百叶窗和自动风扇的开关应当调整到所使用的节温器开关的温度范围。一般使用的自动百叶窗和自动风扇和调整范围如下表中所示。(180~195℉[82~91℃]的节温器只和在187℉[86℃]关闭、在195℉[91℃]打开的自动百叶窗配套工作。)
Choice of automatic persian blinds and automatic fan's switch should be based on thermostat switch's temperature range.Automatic persian blinds and automatic fan's temperature range should be adjusted according to the following list. (180~195℉[82~91℃] thermostat will close at 187℉[86℃] 、it will work at 195℉[91℃] )
温度控制 |
控制过 节温器工作温度 节温器工作温度 节温器工作温度 160~175℉ 170~185℉ 180~195℉ [71~79℃] [77~89℃] [82~91℃] |
打开 关闭 打开 关闭 打开 关闭 自动风扇 185℉ 170℉ 190℉ 182℉ 85℃ 77℃ 88℃ 83℃ 自动百叶窗 180℉ 172℉ 185℉ 177℉ 195℉ 187℉ 82℃ 78℃ 85℃ 81℃ 91℃ 86℃ 手调百叶窗 175℉ 185℉ 195℉ 打开温度 79℃ 85℃ 91℃ |
检查节温器和密封垫(秋天)
Check thermostat and airproof gasket(autumn)
从节温器壳上取下节温器,检查它的开关温度。
Dismantle the thermostat from thermostat's case,check its switch temperature.
大多数康明斯发动机装备170~185℉[77~85℃]中温节温器和160~170℉[71~79℃]低温节温器。在少数清况下由于发动机使用情况而装备180~195℉[82~91℃]高温节温器。
Most cummins engines are equipped with 170~185℉[77~85℃] medium-temperature thermostat and 160~170℉[71~79℃] low-temperature thermostat .In a few circumstances,some engines are equipped with 180~195℉[82~91℃]high-temperature thermostat.
用蒸汽清洗发动机(春季)
Clean engine with steam(spring)
蒸汽清洗脏的发动机或装备的最有效的方法。如果没有蒸汽,可使用规定的溶剂清洗发动机。
Cleaning engine with steam is the most effective way.If there is no steam,stipulated cleaning solvent can be used.
勿受冲洗喷咀全部力量的冲击,要保护好所有的电气部件和电线。
Do everything in your power to protect all electric assembly and electrical wire.
检查发动机悬装脚(春季)
Check engine (spring)
上紧安装螺栓和螺母(需要时)
Tighten bolt and nut(when necessary)
发动机安装螺栓偶尔也会松动使得发动机悬挂装置和支架很快磨损。上紧所有螺栓和螺母,损坏的更换,丢失的补上。
Engine's bolt sometimes would be slack and it would cause great damage to engine.Tighten bolt and nut,replace the broken.
紧固涡轮增压安装螺母(需要时)
Tighten turbosupercharger and install nut(when it is necessary)
拧紧所有的涡轮增压器安装螺钉和螺母,并查明它们是否确实上紧。上紧安装螺栓和支架可将振动减至最小。
Tighten all the turbosuperchargers and install bolt and nut,check whether it is tight enough.If not,tight it again.
检查风扇和皮带轮的安装(春季)
Check the installation of fan and belt pulley(spring)
检查风扇是否牢固装好,需要时上紧固定螺钉。检查风扇有无晃动或叶片弯曲。
Check fan whether it is tight,tighten bolt when it is necessary.Maintain everything is ok with fan.
检查风扇毂和曲轴皮带轮是否牢固装好。检查风扇毂皮带轮有无松动和晃动;必要时拆下风扇导向毂来上紧轴上螺母。上紧风扇支架螺钉。
Check fan and crank belt pulley are tight.
检查曲轴端隙(春季)新的发动机或大修的发动机的曲轴端隙应符合下表所示数据的规定。磨损了的发动机的端隙如果超过表上的磨损极限,就不能使用。如果发动机拆开进行修理,就装上新的止推环。
Check crank end play(spring).New or repaired engine's end play should be up to standard stipulated in the following list.If it can not reach standard,it can not be used.When repairing engine,install new thrust ring .
曲轴端隙-英寸[毫米] |
发动机系列 新最小 新最大 磨损极限 |
N.NH. 0.007 0.017 0.022 N.T [0.18] [0.43] [0.56] V-903 0.05 0.015 0.022 VT-903 [0.13] [0.38] [0.56] V-378.V-504 0.004 0.014 0.022 V-555 [0.10] [0.36] [0.56] V-1710 0.006 0.013 0.018 |
[0.15] [0.33] [0.46] KT(A)-1150 0.007 0.017 0.0022 [0.18] [0.43] [0.56] KT(A)-2300 0.005 0.014 0.022 KTA-3067 [0.13] [0.38] [0.56] |
注意:不能抵住减振器外环来撬动。
Notice:
检查端隙的办法是将千分表指抵住扭转减振器或皮轮的端面,然后抵住减振器或皮带轮的内部和前盖来撬动。当发动机在机组上并和变速器或变扭器装在一起时,必须有端隙。
检查热交换器锌塞(春季)
Check heat exchanger zinc plug(spring)
检查热交换器锌塞,如严重腐蚀就要更换。更换的频繁度决定于在热交换器中循环的生水的化学反应。
Check heat exchanger zinc plug(spring),replace it if necessary.Frequency of replacement depends on chemical reaction in heat exchanger.