第二章 保养维护
Second Maintenance
一、 发电机组的保养维护周期:
一 Maintenance cycle of generator
在一般及严苛的环境下,建立并执行一个明确的保养及基本服务时间是很重要的,下表是对于紧急发电机建议性的服务时间。假如在严苛的操作条件下,间隔的时间将减少至合适状况,一些影响保养时间的因素如下:
In general or harsh environment,it is very important to build and carry out a timetable of maintenance,here are some suggestion about it.Under severe operating condition,the time of interval will be reduced to fit situation,some of factors that affect maintenance time are as follows:
l 当作连续的运转发电机使用(Prime Power)
l Used as Prime Power
l 严苛的周围温度
l Severe ambient temperature
l 曝露在高度灰尘及沙子区
l Expose in dust and sand area
l 曝露在化合物区
l Expose in compound area
当发电机组装置于严苛的操作条件下,请询问当地代理商,会给您一个适合保养建议,利用运转时间表,并施行一个正确的保养日志,同进也可做为保养依据。请参照下表:决定保养的项目及正确的服务过程。
If generator is use under severe operating condition,please consult local agent,they will give you some workable suggestions.It will help carry out maintenance log that is correct,at the same time it also can be used as basis for maintenance.Please refer to the table:
彩缤纷 为避免电弧现象发生,在拆除电瓶的接线前,请务必将充电机的交流电源关掉,否则拆除电瓶线时所产生的瞬间高压放电,足以导致控制盘直流控制线路的损坏。
In case of electric arc phenomenon,make sure that the alternating current source was closed before dismantling the connection of storage battery,otherwise it will produce instantaneous high voltage current.The circuitry controlled by direct current on control panel will be damaged .
当修理发电机电头、引擎或控制盘时,意外的启动发电机组会造成人员的伤害或死亡,因此,维修时,电瓶的负极电缆,请务必拆除。
When repairing generator electric head 、engine or control panel,the accidental
start-up will cause injury or death.Therefore,in maintenance,cathode cable of storage battery must be dismantled.
在保养电瓶前,请先确认电瓶存放区域通风良好,任何火花都有可能点燃电瓶所释放的氢气,并造成人员的伤害。火花会在拆装电瓶接线时产生,或当电瓶负极(—)线连接,而导电的工具接触到电瓶的正极(+)和发电机框架或其它接地的金属物时产生,所以维修时,务必牢记电瓶的负(—)线必须遵守先拆后装的顺序。请再一次确认电瓶释放的氢气,引擎释放的燃油油气和其它具有性气体都能完全消散,特别是在以电瓶充电机充电的场合。
Before maintaining the storage battery,make sure storage battery was at well-ventilated area.Any spark could ignite the hydrogen which storage battery releases.Sparks will come into being when disassembling the connection of storage battery or when storage battery cathode touches its anode.In maintenance,make sure storage battery cathode line was disassembled.
保养维护周期表
保养检查项目 |
保养时间 |
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每日或 8小时后 |
每周或 50小时后 |
半年或 100小时后 |
半年或 250小时后 |
每年或 500小时后 |
|
观察发电机组 |
× |
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检查水温加热器 |
× |
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检查机油位 |
× |
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检查冷却水位 |
× |
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检查空气滤清器(或清洁) |
× |
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检查电瓶充电系统 |
× |
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排出柴油过滤器水份 |
× |
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检查防冻剂和水防锈剂 |
× |
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检查驱动皮带张力 |
× |
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检查燃油油位 |
× |
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排出排气管中凝结水 |
× |
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检查电瓶液位及比重 |
× |
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检查发电机电瓶排风口 |
× |
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更换润滑油和滤清器 |
× |
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更换冷却水滤清器 |
× |
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清洁引擎呼吸口 |
× |
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更换空气滤清器 |
× |
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检查水箱管路有无松脱或磨损 |
× |
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更换燃油滤清器 |
× |
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清洁冷却系统 |
× |
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测试发电机绝缘阻抗 |
× |
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1)检查润滑油\燃油\冷却系统和排气系统有无泄漏。电机运转时,用听和看来检查排气系统,如有泄漏立刻检修。 |
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2)在严苛条件下运转增加保养频率。 |
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3)观察皮带是否有滑动踪迹。 |
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4)排出1杯或更多的燃油以去除水或沉淀物。 |
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5)参考柴油发电机组操作维修手册处理。 |
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6)本检查步聚应定期进行或在发电机组以怠速运转一段时间,且未使用加热器状态下需时进行检查。请洽各地服务中心处理。 |
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7)如果发电机组是用做常载输出时,每250小时更换,如果是用做备载输出时,每6个月或250小时更换。 |
1)Check lubricating oil/fuel/cooling system and exhaust system whether they leak.When generator works,check exhaust system by listening and watching, repair as soon as it leaks.
2) Increase frequency of maintenance under severe condition.
3) Observe whether there is sliding trail.
4)Discharge one cup or more fuel oil to wipe off water or deposit.
5) Refer to diesel generator operation and maintenance manuals when repairing.
6) Check periodically.After a period of idle position,check the generator under state that heater is not used.
二、发电机组的检查
二 Inspection of diesel generator
在操作期间,留心机械所产生不安全或危险的问题,经常检查机组部件,以确保在安全的条件下操作。
During the operation,pay special attention to diesel generator,check the generator parts regularly to make sure machine works safely.
1、燃油系统:当发电机在运转时,检查进油管、回油管及滤清器并检查任何伸缩处、焊接处,以使他们不要摩擦到其它东西。假如任何泄漏发生时,应立刻修补它。
1 Fuel system:When generator is working,check the intake pipe fuel filter as well as telescopic place welding place.make sure that do not touch other things.Repair it as soon as they leak.
火花或会使燃油燃烧,并导致人员的伤害或死亡,请不要将任何火焰、香烟或其它火花靠近燃油系统。
Spark or explosion will ignite fuel oil, that will cause damage to person. Do not let flame cigarette or other spark get close to fuel system.
1、 直流电路系统:检查电瓶的端子是否清洁、是否紧密连接、松弛或腐蚀的连接将导致电阻的产生,并且妨碍启动。假如松动请先清洁并连接锁紧。检查时解开电瓶负极电缆的二端,在连接负极时先接电瓶处负极,另一端再接到机器外壳,这将会使电弧远离电瓶,并减少电瓶起火。
3 DC circuit system:Make sure storage battery's post is clean,junction tight.Relaxation or corrosion will cause resistance and hinder start.Clean and connect loose locking if it is not tight.Untie storage battery cathode electric cable's two terminals when inspecting.connect storage battery cathode first and connect terminal with machine shell.It will avoid electric arc and reduce the possibility of explosion.
电瓶气体易因火花而,并使人员发生危险,请勿在保养电瓶时抽烟。
Spark may cause explosion and cause damage to person.Do not smoke in the maintenance of storage battery.
意外的启动发电机组会造成人员的伤害或死亡,在检查发电机组时,请先将控制开关置于停止位置,并解开电瓶电缆的负级。
Unexpected start will result in personnel injury or death.Stop the generator and untie storage battery cathode before checking.
注:工作进行时,请先看警告部分。当发电机组停止时检查皮带是否松动,垫圈及软管是否泄漏和其它机械上危险的征兆。假如发现任何问题,立刻修补它,然后运转电机,倾听任何异常声音,它可指示机械的问题,并且时常检查润滑油压力,调查任何指示,以研判出可能出现的机械问题。
Notice:Please watch the warning part before working.Make sure the leather belt is not loose,gasket and hose do not leak.Repair it as soon as possible if something breaks down.Any unusual noise may indicate there is something wrong with machine.check lubricating oil pressure frequently.
2、 润滑油系统:
4 Lubricating oil system
润滑油系统必需注入规定等级及黏度之润滑油,请查阅说明书选择适当容量之润滑油。
The grade and viscosity of lubricating oil must be up to stipulated standard.
API级数
API grade
涡轮增压柴油引擎规定之润滑油为美国石油协会(API)CC/CD级,其最大硫酸盐灰之含量为1.85%。
Lubricating oil that used in turbocharged diesel engine must be American Petroleum Institute(API) CC/CD,whose largest content of sulfate ash is 1.85%.
此等级之润滑油能够满足引擎制造之规定及大部分的运转情况,润滑油之资料可采用引擎制造学会之规定,商业目录中可用之润滑油名称或品牌需要符合API级之规定,当选定所使用的等级及品牌之润滑油时,就不可以混合着使用。
The lubricating oil in this grade is the best choice.It can not be mixed with other lubricating oil.
3、 引擎润滑油位:
5 Engine lubricating oil level
引擎停机期间方可检查引擎油位,而其检查时间表参阅保养手册。机油量尺、机油添加盖及过滤器均装置在引擎同一边,机油量尺上有高低刻度记号,指示这油低壳中之油位。为了得到正确之读值需停止引擎运转,等15分钟表后再检查机油量尺之油位,此乃容许在引擎较高部位的油会回流入油底壳中。
Do not check the lubricating oil position until engine stops working,the timetable should coincide with that stipulated in maintenance manual.Machine oil dipstick machine oil cap and filter are on the same side on engine. There are scale division mark on machine oil dipstick,which can show the height of machine oil.To get accurate figure, do not check the height of oil until engine stops 15 minutes.
曲轴箱压力会喷出热油并造成严重的灼伤。切勿在发电机组运转时检查润滑油油位。尽量使润滑油油位靠近机油量尺的高油位刻度,若需添加时,取下机油添加盖并注入API相同级及厂牌的润滑油。
Crankcase may give out hot oil and cause serious burning.Do not check the height of lubricating oil when engine is working.Let lubricating oil position near highest scale division on machine oil dipstick.Do not mix it with other lubricating oil and it must be up to API grade.
切勿在润滑油油位低于机油量尺的低位刻度或高于高油刻度时运转引擎。润滑油注入过量会导致运转时,润滑油产生气泡或氧化,油量过低而运转时,会导致机油压力过低,造成机组严重损坏。
Do not start engine when lubricating oil position is below the lowest scale division or above the highest.If lubricating oil is excessive,it will cause bubble or oxidation.When lubricating oil is only a little, it will result in low machine oil pressure and cause great damage to engine.
4、 更换润滑油和过滤器
6 Replace lubricating oil and filter
l 更换过滤器和润滑油请参照保养手册《周期保养表》中之规定,使用之润滑油请参照API等级之规定及黏之要求。
l Please refer to 《Cycle maintenance table 》when replacing lubricating oil and filter.The lubricating oil must coincide with that stipulated in API.
l 起动发电机,使引擎暖机到运转温度时,停止发电机,确定运转停机控制开关置于停机位置,把电瓶负极电线拆除,才不会在处理期间意外起动。
l Stop engine when it reaches operating temperature.Make sure the switch is at “Stop” position,untie storage battery cathode for the sake of safety.
l 打开排油栓或打开排油阀,收集引擎废油于适当尺寸之废容器中,当油底壳排油完毕后,上紧排油栓或关闭排油阀,排油栓旋紧扭力为60—70FT.IB。
l Open emptying bolt or emptying valve, discharge engine used oil.Then tighten emptying bolt or close emptying valve. The emptying bolt torsion must be between 60—70FT.IB .
l 松开过滤器,把旧的丢掉。
l Replace the old filter.
l 用一点油涂于新过滤器垫圈的表面上,用干净及新的机油充入新的过滤器上。
l Apply oil to filter gasket's surface. add clean and new machine oil .
l 安装过滤器,用手旋转到过滤器垫圈和安装座接触后,再转2/3圈确定完全密封,不可旋转太紧。
l Install filter,revolve filter gasket till it touches installation place,then 2/3 circle more to make sure it is airproof,but it can not be too tight.
l 装油入油底壳,使其达到油尺高刻度的位置。
l Add oil until it reaches scale division on dipstick.
l 接上电瓶负极电线,起动引擎检查油路是否泄漏。
l Connect storage battery cathode, start engine to check if it leaks.
l 引擎停机15分钟后,检查油位是否需要再添加润滑油。
l Check if it necessary to add lubricating oil when engine stops 15 minutes.
曲轴箱之压力可能会喷出热油,并造成严重灼伤,因此发电机运转时,请勿检查润滑油油位。
Crankcase may give out hot oil and cause serious burning.Do not check the height of lubricating oil when engine is working.
6冷却系统:
6 Cooling system
冷却系统于运转前,(散热水箱、热交换器、冷却水塔)必需装满水,冷却系统含散热水箱之容量,请参阅说明书设计规范。
Cooling water tank heat exchanger and cooling tower must be filled with water before cooling systems work.Please refer to specifications when designing cooling water tank.
当冷却系统没有水或引擎正在运转时,不可起动加热器,否则会造成机组严重损伤。
Do not start heater when there is not water in cooling water system or engine is working, or it will cause serious accident.
5、 冷却水水位:
7 Cooling water level
停机期间检查冷却水位请参阅保养手册,如果必要检查时,需等引擎冷却后才可移开冷却水箱的盖子,加入冷却水,直到接近冷却水箱之顶部,使用之冷却水箱添加剂,请参阅引擎制造厂冷却剂之要求标准。
Please refer to Maintenance manual when checking cooling water level during downtime.Do not do it until engine is cooling.Add cooling water to the top of cooling tank.The refrigerant must be up to standard that stipulated in manual.
接触高热的冷却水会产生严重的灼伤。要打开冷系统水箱盖子泄放压力前,须先让系统冷却。
Do not touch high-temperature cooling water.Do not open cooling tank cover before cooling system is cooling.
6、 冷却水的要求:
8 Requirement of cooling water
需冷却引擎的水必须干净,矿物质含量少,没有可腐蚀性的化学药品,如漂白剂、硫酸盐或酸液等都不适用。一般任何适合饮用的水都可用来作为引擎冷却水。
The cooling water must be clean,there is less mineral and no corrosive chemical medicine,such as bleaching agent 、sulfate and acid liquor. Generally speaking, any water that is suitable to drink can be used as engine cooling water.
引擎冷却水是不可以有腐蚀性的,必要时应防止会结冷冰,为了避免腐蚀,用来做冷却的水必需预先加入防锈剂,新引擎在过滤器中已加入防锈剂,会自动加入防腐蚀的化学物到冷却水中。
Cooling water can not be corrosive.If necessary, something should be done to prevent icing up.In case of corrosion,cooling water should be added antirust.There is antirust in new engine's filter,antirust will be added into water automatically.
除了含有甲基丙烷基的防冻剂外,预先安装的水滤清器淡水及全部的防冻剂都兼容。
Apart from the antifreeze with methyl propane,
冷却系统在易结冻的情况下必须以永久性的防冻剂来维护。在预期的最低操作温度下,由供货商建议将水与防冻剂依一定比例混合,不要使用含防漏添加物的防冻剂,水滤清器会因此添加物可能导致阻塞。
In some circumstances,cooling system should be added permanent antifreeze.Under the anticipated lowest operating temperature,mix water with antifreeze with a certain proportion according to supplier's suggestion.Do not use the antirust with leakproof additives,or water filter may be blocked off.
高热的冷却水接触可能会引起严重的烫伤,不要在封闭的冷却系统中,将高热及高压的冷却水打开。
Do not touch high-temperature cooling water, or it will cause serious accident. Do not open high-temperature and high pressure cooling water in closed cooling system.
7、 冷却系统的添加:
9 Increase of cooling system
(以标准的散热器和热交换器组)
除去冷却系统的压力盖,加入水或水与防冻剂的混合物,在初次添加时,引擎上的水滤清器将自动地加入防腐蚀的化学物到冷却系统中。
Open the pressure cap of cooling system,add water or mixture(water and antifreeze).In the first time, antirust will be added into water automatically.
引擎第一次起动时,打开压力盖并随时注意冷却水的高度,当系统中空气被逐出,冷却水水位会下降,因此需再添加,等冷却水的水位差不多时,再将压力盖盖上。
When starting engine first time,open pressure cap and pay attention to height of cooling water at any time.When the air in the system was expelled,cooling water level will drop,add water at any time.Close the pressure at last.
使用直接冷却系统,第一次起动时必须确定电磁阀打开,以便初次起动时让冷却器能够充满冷却液,否则可能引起引擎过热及危险。
Make sure the solenoid valve is open when direct cooling system is started for the first time.so that condenser will be full of coolant,otherwise, it will cause engine overheating.
8、 添加DCA柴油机冷却添加剂:
10 Add DCA diesel engine cooling additive
经过一段运转时间,DCA添加物将用尽,且必须加入更多的DCA化学物来维持其防腐蚀的保护性,引擎制造商有一套可用来测量系统中DCA化学物浓度的工具,在给系统加入更多的DCA之前先决定DCA的浓度,浓度太低会造成开始腐蚀,浓度太高又会在水的过滤器中形成沉淀物,此工具内附冷却剂测试的指示。
After a period of operating,DCA additive will be exhausted.so it it very necessary to add more DCA chemical material to maintain its anti-corrosion protection.Engine manufactures have a set of tools which can be used to measure density of DCA chemical material.Before adding more DCA, measure density of DCA chemical material,if density is too low,it will cause corrosion.if density is too high,it will cause deposit in filter.
9、 冲冼和清洁
11 Flush and Clean
冷却系统必需保持清洁,检查锈蚀及结垢状况是否正常,使用之冷却水请参照引擎制造厂之要求。
Cooling system must be clean,check whether corrosion and scaling condition are normal.Please refer to requirement of engine manufacturer when using cooling water.
10、 用化学品的清洁:
12 Clean by chemical
彻底的清洁冷却系统,假如锈蚀结垢集结在引擎冷却水套或散热水箱时,会导致热水通过时散热较慢。使用好的清洁剂于系统中清洁,如纳、重硫酸盐、草酸等,并遵从供货商之规定使用清水冲洗。
Clean the cooling system completely,when corrosion fouling builds up in engine cooling jacket or cooling water tank, hot water will radiate heat slowly.Clean superior cleanser to clean system,such as Na 、sulfate 、oxalic acid .And clean system with clear water complying with stipulation of suppliers.
11、 冲洗
13 Flush
冲洗散热水箱之后,或要重新添加冷却水之前,要冲洗水箱。先打开散热水箱顶端及底部之连接水管,并让冲洗枪喷嘴于水箱底部并将水加满后,慢慢的加入,避免空气,小心伤害到散热水箱的散热管。
Wash the water tank after flushing cooling tank or before adding cooling water.Open the water pipe which connects the top and the bottom of the cooling water tank,Take care when adding water into water tank.
12、 燃油系统
14 Fuel system
引擎之原始标准乃使用2号柴油为燃油,因为它有较高含热量且价格便宜,如果需使用非标准燃油时,请向专业人士询问是否适用。
According to the stipulation,engine should use 2﹟diesel oil,because it is cheap and has higher heat content.If it is necessary to use non-standard fuel,please consult professionals first.
加油需知:适当的预防及阻止泥土,水份或杂质进入燃油系统,当油箱加油时需设过滤器或滤网,最好安装油水分离器。
Notice:Prevent soil,moisture or impurity into fuel system,either filter or strainer must be used when adding oil.It is best to install oil-water separator.
因点燃燃油会起火,而导致人体极大的伤害或死亡。不要将火焰、香烟或易燃、易爆物靠近燃油系统。
Fuel is very easy to catch fire and explode,which will cause great harm or death to people.Keep fuel system far away from flame cigarette or flammable the explosive substance.
为清除凝结水的问题,在每次引擎运转后,尽可能保持添加油箱于满位状态,因为天冷却时回油管的温暖燃油会注入油箱,若油箱处于低油位时,将导致油箱内上部分燃油凝结。在暖和的气候中,燃油及油箱均保持温暖,在晚上冷却空气将使油箱的温度低于燃油温度,若油箱处于低油位,将使油箱上部温度下降较快,而导致水份凝结。
In order to avoid congealment,Make sure there is enough fuel in oil tank after engine's operation. When weather is cold,the warm fuel in return pipe will pour into oil tank,if there is not enough fuel in oil tank, it will cause congealment of partial fuel in oil tank.When weather is warm,fuel and oil tank maintain warm. In the evening oil tank's temperature will be lower than fuel's temperature because of cooling air.if fuel is not enough,the upper oil tank's temperature drops quickly,and that will cause congealment.
凝结水会导致滤清器阻塞和结冰的问题,另外若水份中参杂着从燃油中形成的酸性物质,将腐蚀及损坏引擎的组件。
Congealment will block strainer off. If there is acidic material in water,It will corrode and damage engine.
更多专业内容待纽......