第一章 一般操作
Chapter one General operation
一、 概述
Overview
本操作手册上包括了柴油发电机组的起动前检查,起动和停机之操用程序,起动机组前请熟读本手册,以确保操作者能完整安全地操作发电机。
This operation manual includes the procedure of inspection before start ,starting and stopping diesel generator .To make sure the user can operate the diesel generator safely,please study this operation manual earnestly before starting machine.
发动机在出厂发运前已在测功器上进行了试运转,但操作者在最初的100个工作小时内按下列条件操作,则可获得最长的使用寿命。
The engine has been tested by the dynamometer before delivery.But you may obtain the longest service life. As long as you operate according to the following conditions in first 100 hours.
1、 尽可能长时间地让发动机在3/4油门负荷范围以下工作。
1 Let engine work below 3/4 of load range of the throttle as long as possible.
2、 避免发动机长时间怠速运转或在最大马力下工作。
2 Avoid idle operation for a long time and working more than 5 minutes under the condition of maximum horsepower.
3、 养成操作时密切注视发动机仪表的习惯,如果油温度达到2500F[121℃]或冷却液温度超过1900F[88℃]时应关小油门。
3 Pay special attention to the instrument of engine when operating.Turn down throttle either the temperature of oil is up to 2500F[121℃] or the temperature of coolant exceeds 1900F[88℃]
4、 在这样的功率需求下使用发动机;即当情况需要更大功率时,可以加速到调速器控制的转速。
4 Accelerate to the speed that governor controls if you require more power.
5、 在磨合期间内,每10个小时检查一次机油面。
5 In the run-in period, check the level of machine oil once every ten hours.
二、 新机或大修过的发动机起动前检查
二 Inspection of new or overhauled engine before start
在起动发电机前,要确定已经做完下列的检查程序。参考维护部分建议的步骤:
Do not start generator unless you have finished inspection procedure.Please refer to the following suggestion of maintenance.
1) 加注燃油系统:
1) Fuel replenishment system:
1、 向燃油滤清器中加注清洁的2号柴油,柴油规格应符合下列所述标准;
1 Replenish the fuel filter with clean 2 # diesel oil,The diesel oil specification must be up to the following standards;
润滑油规定 |
仅用于轻负荷 自然进气 涡轮增压 (停—开) 式柴油机 式柴油机 使用天燃气的各种型号 所有柴油机型号 型号 型号 |
API分类CC/SC2/5级 API分类CC’级别 API分类CC’级 API分类CC’级 硫酸盐分容量 硫酸盐分含量 硫酸盐分含量 硫酸盐分含量 最大1.85% 最大1.85% 最大1.85% 0.03~0.85% 1 用于涡轮增压式发动机的API分类CC和CD级润滑油和用于停-开工况的API分类CC/SC级润滑油,均适用于自然吸气式发动机。 2 API分类的CC/CS和CC/CD级表示润滑油应当掺混以达到两个规格所要求的质量水平。CC等级所允许的润滑油质量相当广,以致有些润滑油虽满足这个等级的要求,但对于某些用途的发动机,不能起到适当的保护的作用(结胶和活塞环粘结)。例如,涡轮增压式发动机需要加CD级所具有附加防护作用。停-开工况下工作的发动机需要加上SC级所具有的附加防护作用。 3 所有康明斯发动机所用的润滑油都规定有硫酸盐灰分含量极限,这是因为从过去使用经验中得知高灰分油会在气门上产生有害的沉积物,这会发展到气门拉槽和烧坏。 4 完全没有灰分和灰分过大都不适用于天燃气发动机,所有规定了灰分含量的范围。 5 CS或SE可以代替SC。 |
2、卸下燃油泵吸油管,用干净的润滑油润滑齿轮泵齿轮。
2 Disassemble the suction pipe of fuel pump,lubricate the gear of gear pump with clean lubricating oil.
3、检查并加注燃油箱。
3 Check and replenish fuel tank.
4、如果在一些保养中影响到喷油咀、气门或其他部分的调整,在起动发动机前一定要检查这些部分是否调整适当。
4 If the position of nozzle、valve or other parts has been adjusted in maintenance, Please check whether adjustments are appropriate before starting the engine.
2) 润滑部分——检查引擎润滑油之油位,尽量保持油在接近高油位(Hi)位置,但不可超过。
2) Lubrication——Check the level of engine lubricating oil frequently.Maintain the height of oil close to oil level(Hi) as far as possible,but do not exceed.
注:对于带有涡轮增压器的发动机,从增压器上卸下机油进油管,加2~3盎司(50~60毫升)干净的润滑油润滑轴承。再装回机油输油管。
Notice:As for engine with turbocharger, disassemble the machine oil intake pipe from booster,add 2~3 ounces(50~60 milliliters) of clean lubricating oil to lubricate bearing.Then install machine oil pipe again.
1、 向曲轴箱中加注机油至油尺上的低(Lo)标记处。
1 Add machine oil to low (Lo) mark place of dipstick in crankcase.
2、 卸下NH/NT—855型发动机机油交叉油道上的螺塞。从V型发动机机油滤清器壳头部卸下螺塞。对于KT/KTA—1150型发动机,卸下机油冷却器壳前部的螺塞。
2 Disassemble the thread plug of machine oil cross pipe from NH/NT-855 engines as well as the thread plug of machine oil filter from V engines. Regarding KT/KTA-1150 engines,disassemble the thread plug from front of shell of machine oil radiator.
(注意:不要从旁路滤清器处加注发动机的润滑系统。)
(Notice:)
3、 将手动或电动注油泵油管从干净的润滑油源连接到外壳上的螺塞凸台处。
3 Connect the oil pipe of manual or electric fuel injection pump with the source of clean lubricating oil.
4、 泵动油泵直至最低机油压力达30磅/英寸2[207千帕]。
4 Do not stop pumping until the minimum machine oil pressure is up to 30 pounds/inches2 [207KPa].
5、 转动发动机至少15秒钟(转动时将燃油截流阀关闭,或拆下燃油管以避免起动),在这期间保持外来机油压力最低为15磅/英寸2[103千帕]。
5 Rotate the engine at least 15 seconds(Close the fuel intercepting valve or dismantle fuel pipe in order to avoid start-up),In the meantime,maintain that the minimum external machine oil pressure is 15 pounds/inches2 [103KPa].
6、 拆下外来机油管并装回螺塞。
6 Dismantle the external machine oil pipe and install the thread plug again.
(注意:当向曲轴箱注油或加油时,如有机油溢出处,要予以清洁。)
(Notice:It is necessary to clean it if machine oil spill when replenishing or adding machine oil)
7、 向曲轴箱中加注机油至机油尺的高(Hi)标记处。对于新的或刚大修出的发动机,不要改变机油的类型和粘度。
7 Add machine oil to high (Hi) mark place of dipstick in crankcase.Regarding new or overhauled engine,do not change the machine oil type and viscosity.
在发动机的一边有一机油尺,机油尺上刻有高(Hi)标记和低(Lo)标记以表示曲轴箱中的机油油量。机油盘或发动机必须使用原配的机油尺。康明斯发动机的机油盘根据安装类型的不同和不同的机油盘零件编号而有不同的容量。
There is a dipstick in engine's one side,the high(Hi) and low(Lo) mark can show the quantity of machine oil in crankcase.The sump and engine must use the original dipstick.Regarding cummins engine,different sump different volume.
3) 冷却液部分——检查引擎冷却液之液位,液位位置应在散热器或热交换器盖下2英寸位置;检视冷却液的渗漏情况并打开冷却水滤清器的截流阀。
3)Coolant——Check the level of engine coolant frequently.The level of engine coolant must be 2 inches below either radiator or the lid of heat exchanger.Do not check the level when it is in the highest temperature.
不要在高温高压的密闭冷却系统中打开散热器或热交换器盖,否则将造成严重烫伤。
Do not openradiator or the lid of heat exchanger in high-temperature,high-pressure closed cooling system.Or it will be very dangerous.
4) 燃油部分——确定油箱中有足够的燃油,以及燃油系统管路无泄漏,且是畅通的。
4) Fuel oil——Make sure there is enough fuel oil in fuel tank and pipeline of fuel system is safe and unimpeded.
5) 机油压力——若油压降低至15磅/英寸2[103千帕]以下,则机组立即跳脱并使警示灯闪烁。在启动引擎时,此保护装置延迟15秒钟,才会降低油压监测电路并入,进行监测保护功能。
5) Machine oil pressure——When machine oil pressure is below 15 IB/inch2 [103KPa], The engine will stall automatically and caution light blink.When starting engine,This protective device will not work in first 15 seconds.
6) 低机油压力预警——机组低机油压力预警感应器及警示灯提供油压降低到15磅/英寸2[103千帕]或更低时将发出警报。
6) Low machine oil pressure warning——Early-warning sensor(Low machine oil pressure) and caution light will warn as long as machine oil pressure decreases to or below 15 IB/inch2 [103KPa].
7) 引擎高水温——当冷却液温度上升超过2000F(93℃)时,则将停机且警示灯闪烁,在启动引擎时,此保护装置延迟15秒钟,才会将冷却水高温监测电路并入,进行监测保护功能。
7) High-temperature engine—When coolant is above 2000F(93℃), The engine will stall automatically and caution light blink. When starting engine,This protective device will not work in first 15 seconds.
8) 引擎高水温预警——引擎没水温预警感应器及警示灯提供冷却液温上升至2000F(93℃)或更高时将发出警报。
8) High-temperature engine warning— Early-warning sensor(High-temperature engine) and caution light will warn as long as coolant increase to or above 2000F(93℃).
9) 冷却水低位停机装置——当冷却水水位过低时,一组电子微动开关将使机组停机,并且使引擎高温警示灯闪烁。选购接线组,选用此接线组将使警告讯号接至高水温预警灯。
9) low cooling water device—— When cooling water is too little, The engine will stall automatically and caution light(High-temperature engine) blink.
10) 液力调速器部分——许多使用在固定式动力机组上的发动机装备有液力调速的燃油泵,它利用润滑油作为能量介质,润滑油规格与使用在发动机上的相同。调速器储油池中的机油平面加至机油的满记号处。
10) Hydraulic governor——Many engines that used on stationary power unit are equipped with fuel pump which have hydraulic governor.Lubricating oil is used as energy medium,whose specification shall be the same as those used on engine.The level of machine oil in oil storage tank of governor should be up to full mark place.
11) 检查通往空气压缩机和空气设备(如果使用的话)以及通往空气滤清器和空气管道的管接头,所有管接头都要是紧固的。
11) Check pipe connection that leads to air compressor and air equipment(If it is used),as well as those pipe connection which leads to air cleaner and air pipe.All pipe connections must be fastened.
三、 正常起动
三 Normal starting
在发电机控制盘上起动——将直流控制盘上的“运转—停止—遥控”的开关,置于“运转”位置,将激发控制系统及起动系统,起动马达啮合飞轮后驱动引擎,并经数秒后起动引擎,当引擎转速达到450—570rpm时,启动马达自动脱离。若引擎无法顺利起动,并发出“起动失败”的警报。
Starting on generator control panel——Place the switch of “running –stop-remote control” in the “running” position on direct current control panel.It will stimulate the control system and the starting system,The engine will be started in a few seconds.It will send out the “ Failure of start-up” warning,If the engine can not be started smoothly,
发电机组控制盘可选购“周期循环式”起动控制,其将做3次周期循环,每一周期循环中起动马达自转15秒,然后停止15秒。
Generator set control panel can choose“Cycle of motion type”starting control,It will make 3 cycle of motions.In each cycle of motions,starting motor rotates 15 seconds ,then stops 15 seconds.
消除“起动失败”警报方法,是将选择开关钮旋转于“停止”位置并按“复归”钮,等候2分钟让启动马达冷却后,再次启动步骤。若仍不能启动发电机,则请参阅“故障检修”章节。
Elimination of “Failure of start-up”warning:Revolve switch to “Stop”position and press “Return”button,spend 2 seconds cooling starting motor,then start again.If the generator still can not be started,please refer to “Trouble shooting”chapter.
四、 寒冷气候下的起动
四 Starting under under hiemal climate
预热
Preheating
电热塞系统向气缸供应热量使得压缩温度足可以点燃燃油。
Galvanothermy plug supplies heat to cylinder until compression temperature ignites fuel.
当温度为5℉[10℃]或更低时,为帮助起动发动机,可采用一种进气空气预热器。预热设备包括一个将燃油泵入进气歧管中的手油泵和一个将电热塞电路接通的开关,电热塞由蓄电池通电加热。燃油在进气歧管中燃烧已加热吸入的空气。
When temperature is or below 5℉[10℃], air preheater can be adopted to help start engine.Preheating equipment consists of a hand pump that pumps fuel into intake manifold and a switch which connects to galvanothermy plug circuitry. galvanothermy plug is heated by accumulator cell.Fuel and air that has been heated will burn in intake manifold.
警告:不可将帮助起动用蒸气与预热器联合使用,这样做将会导致火灾。
Warning:Do not joint use start-up steam and preheating equipment. or it will cause fire.
冷起动时使用预热器的步骤如下:
Steps of using preheating equipment when cold start
1、将油门调到怠速位置。将电热塞拨动开关转到“开”(NO)的位置上,红色指示灯应亮。
1 Adjust throttle to idle position.Turn galvanothermy plug to “No”position,the red indicating lamp should shine.
2、红色指示灯亮了20秒钟以后,开始起动发动机。发动机一转动即开动预热器手油泵使之保持80~100磅/英寸2[552~689千帕]的燃油压力。如在20秒钟前使用手油泵将弄湿电热塞而妨碍加热。
2 Start engine after the red indicating lamp has shone 20 seconds. As soon as engine starts running,start preheater hand pump to make sure that fuel pressure is between 80 pounds/inches2 [552KPa] and 100 to pounds/inches2[689KPa]. The use of hand pump within 20 seconds will wet galvanothermy plug and prevent heating
3、如果发动机在30秒钟内不能起动,停止转动发动机。一、两分钟后再行起动。
3 Stop starting engine if it can not be started in 30 seconds.Start starting it again after 1 or 2 minutes.
4、发动机起动以后。慢慢地泵动手油泵以保持发动机平稳的怠速运转。在寒冷气候下,怠速需要4~5分钟或更长一点时间。不要加速发动机。
4 After starting engine, pump the hand pump slowly to maintain engine idling operation.In the cold climate,engine need to be at idle position 4~5 minutes or longer.Do not accelerate the engine.
5、当发动机走热后,在手油泵注油行程间不再颤动时,停止泵油。关闭并锁上手油泵。关掉电热塞拨动开关(红色指示灯熄灭)。
5 After engine is hot, stop pumping oil when it does not shake in the process of pumping oil.Close and lock hand pump.Turn off galvanothermy plug switch(the red indicating lamp extinguishes ).
6、如果发动机在预热器泵头三个满行程中无起动迹象,应摸试进气歧管是否热,如果不热,应检查电路。如果电路良好,卸下进气歧管上靠近电热塞处的1/8管塞并合上电热塞手动开关15秒钟,通过去时1/8管塞孔观察电热塞。电热塞应呈白热状态,如果不是这样,将电线接到6~12伏电源上并检查电流数,最小电流应为30~32安培。如果电热塞是好的,再检查手动开关和电阻(如果使用的话),如需要予以更换。
6 If engine could not be started,please check whether the intake manifold is hot,if it is not hot,check electrocircuit,If electrocircuit is all right,dismantle the 1/8 tube stopper which is near galvanothermy plug on intake manifold and shut galvanothermy plug manual switch for 15 seconds,observe galvanothermy plug through the hole of tube stopper. galvanothermy plug should be incandescent,if not,connect electrical wire with 6~12 volts power resource and check current number. The minimum current should be 30~32 amperes.If galvanothermy plug is all right,check manual switch and resistance(if it is used),replace it if necessary.
注:预热器手油泵、开关和电阻设在仪表板上,在发动机起动过程中应进行检查。
Notice:Preheater hand pump、switch and resistance are on instrument panel,Please check in the process of starting engine.
起动液辅助起动装置
Primer fluid auxiliary starter
起动液可以在较低的气缸温度下燃烧,因为它是高挥发性燃料。一个压力喷雾器或一块用起动液蘸湿的布片通常能够在-100F[-23℃]的低温下实现快速起动。
The prime fluid may burn under the low cylinder temperature,because it is high volatile fuel.A pressure sprayer and a cloth with prime fluid will be able to help start engine efficiently under -100F[-23℃].
如果低于这一温度,就需要采用某些直接向进气歧管中喷射帮助起动的蒸气的办法。
If it is below this temperature,spray steam which helps starting engine directly into intake manifold.
准许在康明斯发动机上使用的冷起动辅助装置,具有在-250F[-32℃]的低温度下辅助起动的能力。
The cold-start auxiliary starter is allowed to used on cummins engine,Which is able to help start engine under -250F[-32℃].
注意:不要试图在接近热源、明火外或装有电热塞系统的发动机上使用蒸气型混合物起动液。
Notice:Vapor mixture prime fluid can not used on the engines which try to get close to heat source 、fire or that is equipped with galvanothermy plug.
手动阀
Manual valve
手机阀包括阀体总成,康子和尼龙管。燃料缸、喷雾器接头和控制拉线必须另行定购。
Manual valve consists of valve assembly,kangzi val and nylon tube.Fuel tank sprayer joint control cable must be ordered separately.
可使用标准拉线或油门控制拉线以开动手动阀。
Manual valve can be operated by standard cable and throttle control cable
电动阀
Electric valve
电动阀包括阀体、900弯头、康子、按钮开关和尼龙管。节温管安装在发动机的排气歧管上,当发动机运转时它感受到排气歧管上的热量而关掉电动阀。燃料缸和喷雾器接头如果需要的话,这些零件应另行订购。
Electric valve consists of valve chest、900 elbow、 kangzi、 push-button switch and nylon tube.The exhaust manifold is equipped with temperature saving tube,when engine starts running, heat on exhaust manifold will cause it to close electric valve. Fuel tank and sprayer joint must be ordered separately.
安装建议
The suggestion of installation
喷雾接头必须安装在发动机的进气歧管上或进气管接头上,以向各缸供应等量的起动液。喷雾器上的两个喷油孔相隔1800布置,所以喷雾器的安装应使喷雾顺着进气歧管的孔道喷射。如果安装不正确,喷雾就会喷向进气歧管的管壁。
Sprayer joint must be installed on engine's intake manifold or intake pipe,so that it can supply equal primer fluid to every cylinder.The two holes on sprayer are separated by 1800 ,therefore,the installation of sprayer should be along the hole of intake manifold.if installation is not correct,atomization will spurt to wall of intake manifold.
使用弗里特伽德(Fleetquard)辅助起动装置时推荐的起动方法
The method of using Fleetquard auxiliary starter
1、 将油门调到怠速位置。
1 Throttle should be adjusted to idle position.
2、 分离传动机构或将变速器拨到空挡位置。
2 A gearbox should be at neutral position.
3 打开手动燃油截流阀或电动燃油截流阀。
3 Open manual fuel intercepting valve or electric fuel intercepting valve.
4 开动起动机,当发动机转动时供应定量的起动液直到发动机平稳地怠速运转为止。
4 Start engine,supply quantitative prime fluid until engine starts running smoothly.
在无计量设备的情况下使用起动液
The use of prime fluid without rationing equipment
1、 当一个人起动发动机时,另一个人向空气滤清器中喷雾状起动液。
1 When a person starts engine,another person sprays prime fluid like mist into air filter.
警告:决不可让起动液靠近明火,不可将其与预热器或火焰喷设备一起使用。不得吸入起动液烟雾。起动液使用过多将导致压力过高并引起爆震或使得发动机超速运转。
Warning:Do not let prime fluid get close to open fire,do not use it together with pre-heater or other similar equipment.Do not inhale the prime fluid smog.The exceeding use of prime fluid may cause high pressure explosion and engine will run excessively.
2、 起动液烟雾将吸入发动机的进气歧管中,这样冷却发动机应毫无困难地起动起来。
2 The prime fluid smog will be inhaled into engine's intake manifold,In this case engine will be started without any difficulty.
警告:起动液或挥发性燃料油不得在地下矿井或坑道作业中使用。如果发动机带有这种装备应询问当地矿山局检查员是否可用作起动辅助装置。
Warning:Prime fluid or volatile fuel is unable to be used in underground mine or tunnel.Consult mine bureau inspectors whether it can be used as auxiliary starter if engine is equipped with this equipment.
发动机的走热
当发动机起动后,在曲轴和轴承之间、活塞和气缸套之间重新建立起油膜需要一段时间。运动零件之间的最适宜的间隙只有在发动机零件达到正常的工作温度以后能达到。所以要随着发动机的起热,逐步将发动机调到工作转速,以避免活塞咬死在气缸里以及轴和轴承产生干摩擦。
After engine's start-up,it will take period of time to rebuild oil film between crankshaft and bearing,piston and cylinder liner.There will be optimum gap after engine parts achieve normal operating temperature.Adjust gradually the engine to operating rotational speed according to engine's temperature in case that piston locked in cylinder and the frication between crankshaft and bearing.
对一些救险设备(诸如灭火泵发动机)由于设备内部带有加热设备不需要走热过程。对一些要在有附加负载(如灭火泵)下起动发机,冷却液温度最低不得低于1200F[49℃]。
For some engines with additional load(like fire pump),the temperature of coolant can not be below 1200F[49℃]。
发动机的转速
Engine's rotational speed
所有康明斯发动机均装有调速器以防止速度超过最高额定转速或预定的额定低速。
All cummins engines are equipped with governor in case the rotational speed is above rated high speed or below rated low speed.
调速器有两个功用:第一,当油门在怠速位置时,供给发动所需要的的怠速油量;第二,当发动机在转速超过最高额定转速时,越过油门并切断燃油供应。
Governor's two functions:First,when throttle is at idle position,supply enough fuel to engine.Second,when engine's rotational speed is above the rated high speed,it will cut off supply of fuel.
各种型号的发动机的最高额定转速列在下表中:
发动机的转速(转/分) |
发动机的型号 最高额定转速 |
全部NH、NT、855-R、855-L系列 2100 全部NH、NT系列 2300 V-903 2600 VT-903 2400 V-378、V-504、V-555 3000 V-378、V-504、V-555 3300 V-1710、V-1710-L 2100 KT-1150 2100 KTA-1150 2100 KT-2300 2100 KTA-2300 2100 KTA-3067 2100 |
注:在许多用途中发动机的使用转速低于最高额定转速,详见铭牌。
柴油发动机组已经预先调整使之在规定的调节转使下工作。
Notice:In many uses,engine's use rotational speed is below rated high speed,see the data plate for details.Engine has been adjusted before it is used.
机油温度
Machine oil temperature
机油温度表的正常读数应在1800F[82℃]和2250F[107℃]之间。在满负荷状态下,机油温度短时间达到2400F[116℃]时不要惊慌。
The normal reading of machine oil thermometer should be between 1800F[82℃] and 2250F[107℃]. Under full condition,do not be worried if machine oil temperature achieves 2400F[116℃]in short time.
注意:油温度的突然增高如果不是因为负荷的增加所引起,那就预示很可能有机械故障,应立即进行检查。
Notice:If the sudden increase of machine oil temperature is not caused by increase of load,that indicates there is something wrong with machine,check as soon as possible.
在发动机走热期间,应逐步增加负荷直到机油温度达到1400F[60℃]时为止,当机油还是冷的时候,它不会起到很好的润滑作用。连续地或长时间地在机油温度低于1400F[60℃]下怠速运转将引起曲轴箱中的润滑油稀释和产生酸质,从而加速发动机的磨损。
Increase the load gradually until machine oil temperature achieves 1400F[60℃], when machine oil is cold,it will not play a good role of lubrication.Machine oil temperature is lower than 1400F[60℃] continuously and for a long time and engine is at idle position, it will dilute lubricating oil in crankcase and produce acid,thus accelerate engine's attrition.
冷却水温度
Cooling water temperature
冷却水温度在165~1950F[74~91℃]之间是最理想的,此时发动机的工作零件得到了均匀的膨胀,从而获得了最佳油膜间隙。发动机冷却液的最高温度不得超过。
The cooling water temperature in 165~1950F[74~91℃] is most ideal,between this temperature engine parts will inflate evenly and gain best gap for oil film.Engine coolant temperature must not exceed the maximum.
在冬、夏两季,发动机内一定要装节温器,避免长时间的怠速运转并采取必要步骤以保持冷却水温度最低达到1650F[74℃]。在寒冷气候条件下,如需要可使用散热器百叶窗或盖住散热器的一部分以防止过冷。
In winter and summer,engine must be equipped with thermostat in case of idling for long time,take necessary measures to maintain cooling water temperature not low than 1650F[74℃]. In cold weather,radiator shutter can be used if necessary or cover a part of radiator in case of being too cold.
机油压力
Machine oil pressure
油温在2250F[107℃]时的正常的发动机油压力列于下表中
机油压力磅/英寸2[千帕] |
发动机系列节 怠速时 额定转速时 |
NH、NT、855-R、855-L 5/20[34/138] 40/75[276/517] V-903、VT-903 5/25[34/72] 40/65[276/448] V-378、V-504、V-555 10/30[69/207] 45/85[310/586] V-1710、V-1710-L 15 [130] 50[345] KT-2300 15 [130] 45/70[310/483] KTA-3067 20[138] 45/70[310/483] KTA-2300 20[138] 45/70[310/483] |
注:个别发动机的机油压力可能与上述的正常机油压力有出入,当新发动机投入使用时,应观察并记录机油压力,作为以后判断发动机工作状况变化迹象的参考(起动时机油压力高不要引起惊慌)。为使记录更为准确可靠,机油更换后应立即记下机油压力读数。
Notice:The machine oil pressure of individual engines may be different from normal machine oil pressure,when a new engine is put into use,observe and record machine oil pressure,it can be used as reference of judging engine working condition(do not panic when machine oil pressure is high).In order to make record more accurate and reliable,write down the reading of machine oil pressure when replacing machnie oil every time.
发动机的排气
Engine's exhaust
发动机的排气是发动机工作状况和性能的很好的指示。排气冒烟可能是由于燃油等级低、空气滤清器脏、燃油过多或机械状况不佳。
Engine's exhaust is good indication of engine's working condition and performance.Exhaust smokes may be due to low-grade fuel 、dirty air filter、 too much fuel or poor machinery.
如果发动机排气冒黑烟,就应进行校正工作。
If engine exhausts black smoke,rectify it as soon as possible.
五、寒冷气候下的防护措施
五 Protective measure in hiemal climate
1、在寒冷气候下工作的发动机,推荐使用永久型带有附加防锈剂的防冻液。
1 If engine is used in hiemal climate,recommend permanent coolant with additional rust-preventing agent.
2、对所有的发动机,通过打开放水开关和取下放水螺塞放掉气缸体和气缸盖中的冷却水。如果使用空气压缩机、热交换器或其他由水冷却的附属设备,也应打开放水开关放掉冷却水。在冰冻气候下发动机及附属设备中没有彻底放水将产生重大损坏。
2 For all engines,open drain cock and take down water thread plug to exhaust cooling water in cylinder block and cylinder head.If air compressor heat exchanger and other ancillary equipment cooled by water are used,open drain cock to exhaust cooling water,or it will do great damage to engine.
3、在寒冷气候下使用发动机,可采用浸入式的冷却水和机油的加热器,以保持一定的温度,使得发动机起动后即可以满负荷运转。
3 Start engine in hiemal climate,immersive heater of cooling water and machine oil can be used to maintain a certain temperature,thus engine can operate at full capacity.
五、停机
五 Stop engine
1、停机前:
1 Before the shutdown
在停机前,请先使发电机在无负载下运转5-10分钟,目的在使润滑油及冷却水将引擎气缸及轴承予以冷却。
Engine should be at idle position for 5-10 minutes,so that engine cylinder and bearing will be cooled by lubricating oil and cooling water.
3、 停机方法:
3 Method of shutdown
若发电机在控制盘启动或远处遥控启动,停机时均可将选择开关置于“停止”位置,则发电机将停止。若发电机是以ATS自动启动,则发电机将于正常电源电力恢复后,自动停机。
If engine is started by control panel or remote control,put switch on “stop”position when stopping engine,engine will stop. If engine is started by ATS ,the engine will stop automatically after electric power supply restores.
4、 紧急停机:
4 Emergency shutdown
选择紧急停机,按下按钮即可紧急停机。复归时,将停机钮切换至“停机”位置后,按下“复归”开关即可。
Choose emergency shutdown,press button then shutdown. When reverting,Put button on “stop”position,press “Revert”button.
5、 换机油:当大修后机组或新发电机组运转50小时后,请更新油底壳内润滑油,请参阅“保养”章节中之建议程序。
5 Replacing machine oil:When engine is overhauled or new engine runs for 50 hours,replace machine oil, please refer to “maintenance”chapter.
6、 无负载下运转:尽量减短发电机在无负载状况下的运转,若须在无负载状况下长时间运转,最好能将发电机接上负载器。
6 No-load operation:Shorten engine's no-load operation as far as possible.If it is really required,engine should be equipped with load equipment.
7、 定期暖机运转:正常定期暖机运转,可使机件润滑并避免电路接点氧化,还可确保机组启动顺利。最好每星期一次使发电机在负载下运转30分钟,达到机组正常温度。
7 Regular warm-up operation:Warm engine regularly,it will lubricate machine parts in case that junctions of electric circuit oxidate.That will be helpful if generator operates under the load for 30 minutes once every week,and it will achieve normal
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